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Shloka 11

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

संहत्य धर्म चरतां पुरा55सीत्‌ सुखमेव तत्‌ | तेषां नासीद्‌ विधातवयं प्रायश्षित्तं कथंचन,वे आवश्यक नियमोंका यथावत्‌ पालन करके पहले अपने चित्तको शुद्ध करते थे और कठिनाई तथा दुर्गम स्थानोंमें पड़ जानेपर भी परस्पर मिलकर धर्मानुष्ठानमें तत्पर रहते थे। संघ-बद्ध होकर धर्मानुष्ठान करनेवाले उन पूर्ववर्ती पुरुषोंको इसमें सुखका ही अनुभव होता था। उन्हें किसी प्रकारका प्रायक्षित्त करनेकी आवश्यकता नहीं पड़ती थी

saṁhatya dharmaṁ caratāṁ purā āsīt sukham eva tat | teṣāṁ nāsīd vidhātavyaṁ prāyaścittaṁ kathaṁcana ||

กบิละกล่าวว่า “ในกาลก่อน เมื่อผู้คนประพฤติธรรมพร้อมเพรียงเป็นหนึ่งเดียว วิถีชีวิตนั้นเองเป็นสุข สำหรับผู้ที่อยู่ร่วมและกระทำร่วมกันในความชอบธรรม ย่อมไม่จำเป็นต้องบัญญัติปรายัศจิตตะ (การชดใช้บาป) แต่อย่างใด”

संहत्यhaving united / together
संहत्य:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-हन्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
धर्मम्dharma, righteous conduct
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चरताम्of those who practice / (they) practicing
चरताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent (लट्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, genitive plural participial sense in context: 'of those practicing'
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुखम्happiness, ease
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that (practice/act)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
विधातव्यम्to be done / required
विधातव्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, तव्यत् (gerundive: 'to be done')
प्रायश्चित्तम्expiation, penance
प्रायश्चित्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रायश्चित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कथंचनin any way at all
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila

Educational Q&A

Kapila links moral health to social unity: when people collectively uphold dharma, life becomes naturally harmonious and joyful, and the need for expiatory measures (prāyaścitta) diminishes because serious transgressions are less likely to arise.

Kapila is describing an earlier ideal condition of society in which people practiced dharma together; he contrasts that with later times where moral lapses require formal prescriptions of atonement.