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Shloka 35

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

अथ प्रथमकल्पेन सत्यवन्‌ संकरो भवेत्‌ | आयु: शक्ति च कालं॑ च निर्दिश्य तप आदिशेत्‌,'सत्यवान्‌! यदि प्रथम श्रेणीके अहिंसात्मक दण्डसे धर्म और अधर्मका सम्मिश्रण होने लगे, तब दण्डनीय व्यक्तिकी आयु, शक्ति और कालको ध्यानमें रखते हुए राजा यथोचित दण्डके लिये आज्ञा प्रदान करे

atha prathamakalpena satyavān saṅkaro bhavet | āyuḥ śaktiṃ ca kālaṃ ca nirdiśya tapa ādiśet |

หุมตเสนะกล่าวว่า— “ต่อให้ใช้วิธีแรก (ที่อ่อนที่สุด) แม้คนอย่างสัตยวานก็อาจตกสู่ความปะปนระหว่างธรรมกับอธรรมได้ ดังนั้น พระราชาควรพิจารณาอายุ กำลัง และกาลเทศะของผู้กระทำผิด แล้วกำหนดตบะอันเป็นโทษทัณฑ์ให้เหมาะสม”

अथthen/now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
प्रथम-कल्पेनby/according to the first procedure/arrangement
प्रथम-कल्पेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रथमकल्प
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सत्यवान्Satyavān
सत्यवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संकरःmixture/confusion
संकरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be/should occur
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आयुःlifespan
आयुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शक्तिम्strength/capacity
शक्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कालम्time/occasion
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्दिश्यhaving considered/indicated
निर्दिश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्दिश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
तपःpenance/austerity
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आदिशेत्should prescribe/should order
आदिशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआदिश्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

हुमत्सेन उवाच

H
Humatsena
S
Satyavān
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

Punishment should be proportionate and context-sensitive: the ruler must weigh the offender’s age/lifespan, strength/capacity, and the time/circumstances, and then prescribe a corrective discipline (tapas) that prevents a harmful mixing of dharma and adharma.

Humatsena is instructing on rajadharma (the king’s duty of governance). He warns that even a ‘Satyavān’ can slip into moral confusion, so the king must respond with measured, appropriate punishment after assessing relevant personal and situational factors.