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Shloka 11

पापात्म-धर्मात्म-लक्षणम् तथा निर्वेदेन मोक्षमार्गः | Marks of the Sinful and the Righteous; Dispassion (Nirveda) as a Path to Liberation

पितुराज्ञा परो धर्म: स्वधर्मो मातृ्रक्षणम्‌ । अस्वतन्त्रं च पुत्रत्वं कि तु मां नानुपीडयेत्‌,'पिताकी आज्ञाका पालन परम धर्म है और माताकी रक्षा करना पुत्रका प्रधान धर्म है। पुत्र कभी स्वतन्त्र नहीं होता, वह सदा माता-पिताके अधीन ही रहता है, अतः क्या करूँ जिससे मुझे धर्मकी हानिरूप पीड़ा न हो

bhīṣma uvāca | piturājñā paro dharmaḥ svadharmo mātṛrakṣaṇam | asvatantraṃ ca putratvaṃ kiṃ tu māṃ nānupīḍayet ||

เขากล่าวว่า “การเชื่อฟังบัญชาของบิดาเป็นธรรมอันสูงสุด และการคุ้มครองมารดาเป็นหน้าที่สำคัญของบุตร ความเป็นบุตรมิใช่ความเป็นอิสระ บุตรย่อมอยู่ใต้บังคับของบิดามารดา แล้วเราจะทำอย่างไรจึงจะไม่ถูกความเจ็บปวดแห่งการเสื่อมจากธรรมบีบคั้น”

पितुःof the father
पितुः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आज्ञाcommand
आज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परःsupreme
परः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वधर्मःone's own duty
स्वधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मातृरक्षणम्protection of the mother
मातृरक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृरक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्वतन्त्रम्not independent
अस्वतन्त्रम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्वतन्त्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुत्रत्वम्sonship, the state of being a son
पुत्रत्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्रत्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
किम्what?
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुपीडयेत्should afflict/oppress
अनुपीडयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपीड्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse prioritizes filial dharma: a son’s highest righteousness lies in obeying the father’s command and protecting the mother, emphasizing that sonship entails dependence and responsibility rather than personal autonomy.

Bhishma articulates an ethical conflict: he recognizes binding duties toward both parents and asks how to act so that he does not suffer the anguish of violating dharma—framing a decision-point where competing obligations must be reconciled.