Shloka 19

Devanagari script

प्रत्यक्षमनुपश्यामि त्वमपि द्रष्टमर्हसि । वर्जन वर्जनीयानामीहमानेन दुष्करम्‌

Transliteration

pratyakṣam anupaśyāmi tvam api draṣṭam arhasi | varjana varjanīyānām iha mānena duṣkaram ||

Translation

เรามองเห็นอยู่ต่อหน้าโดยประจักษ์; เจ้าก็ควรเห็นและตระหนักได้เช่นกัน ในที่นี้ เมื่อถูกความทะนงตนขับดัน การละทิ้งสิ่งที่ควรละทิ้งย่อมเป็นเรื่องยากยิ่ง

Word by Word

• प्रत्यक्षम्: directly; before (one's) eyes
• प्रत्यक्षम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रत्यक्ष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनुपश्यामि: I observe/see
• अनुपश्यामि: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु√पश्
• Form: Present, First, Singular, Parasmaipada

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: also; even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• द्रष्टुम्: to see
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश्
• Form: Tumun (infinitive)

• अर्हसि: you ought/are fit (to)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अर्ह्
• Form: Present, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वर्जनम्: avoidance; abstaining
• वर्जनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्जन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• वर्जनीयानाम्: of things/persons to be avoided
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्जनीय
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• इह: here; in this world/context
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• मानेन: by pride; through self-conceit
• मानेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• दुष्करम्: difficult
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्कर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even when the right course is plainly evident, pride (māna) makes it hard to abandon harmful or improper tendencies; ethical progress requires humility and the strength to renounce what ought to be renounced.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana, as narrator, underscores an immediately observable truth and urges the listener to see it as well: in the present context, pride obstructs the difficult but necessary act of giving up what should be avoided.