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Shloka 13

कामबन्धन-निवृत्ति तथा शान्तिलक्षण-उपदेशः | Release from Desire-Bondage and the Marks of Peace

भृत्यशेषं तु यो5श्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम्‌ | विघसं भृत्यशेषं तु यज्ञशेषमथामृतम्‌,कुट॒म्बमें भरण-पोषणके योग्य जितने लोग हैं, उनको भोजन करानेके बाद बचे हुए अन्नको जो भोजन करता है, उसे विघसाशी (विघस अन्न भोजन करनेवाला) बताया गया है। पोष्यवर्गसे बचे हुए अन्नको विघस तथा पंचमहायज्ञ एवं बलिवैश्वदेवसे बचे हुए अन्नको अमृत कहते हैं

bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yo 'śnāti tam āhur vighasāśinam | vighasaṃ bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yajñaśeṣam athāmṛtam ||

วยาสะกล่าวว่า ผู้ใดเลี้ยงดูผู้ที่ต้องอุปถัมภ์และคนในเรือนให้กินแล้วจึงกินข้าวที่เหลือ ผู้นั้นเรียกว่า ‘วิฆสาศิน’ ผู้กินวิฆสะ เศษที่เหลือหลังเลี้ยงดูผู้พึ่งพิงเรียกว่า ‘วิฆสะ’; แต่เศษที่เหลือภายหลังประกอบยัญพิธีตามธรรม—เช่น ปัญจมหายัญและการบูชา บลิไวศวเทวะ—เรียกว่า ‘อมฤต’ คือประสาทอันบริสุทธิ์ดุจน้ำทิพย์

भृत्यशेषम्the remainder left for/after servants (dependents)
भृत्यशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्यशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्नातिeats
अश्नाति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey call/say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विघसाशिनम्one who eats the leavings (vighasa-eater)
विघसाशिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघसाशिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विघसम्leavings/leftover food
विघसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भृत्यशेषम्servants’ remainder (food left after feeding dependents)
भृत्यशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्यशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुand/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यज्ञशेषम्the remainder of a sacrifice
यज्ञशेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञशेष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अमृतम्nectar; (here) sacred/immortal (food)
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
vighasa
A
amṛta
Y
yajña (sacrificial rites)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a dharmic hierarchy of eating: one should first feed those one must support; what remains is ‘vighasa’. More highly valued is ‘amṛta’, the sanctified remainder of obligatory sacrificial duties (pañca-mahāyajñas, bali-vaiśvadeva), which is considered spiritually elevating.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa defines technical terms related to household conduct and ritual: who is called a vighasāśin, what counts as vighasa, and why sacrificial remnants are termed amṛta.