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Shloka 18

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

वेदज्ञानि द्वयान्याहु: प्रवक्तूणीतराणि च । प्रवक्तृणि विशिष्टानि सर्वधर्मोपधारणात्‌,वेदज्ञ भी दो प्रकारके बताये गये हैं--प्रवक्ता और अप्रवक्ता। इनमें प्रवक्ता (प्रवचन करनेवाले) श्रेष्ठ हैं; क्योंकि वे वेदमें बताये हुए सम्पूर्ण धर्मोको धारण करनेवाले होते हैं

vedajñānī dvayāny āhuḥ pravaktṝṇy itarāṇi ca | pravaktṝṇi viśiṣṭāni sarvadharmopadhāraṇāt ||

วยาสะกล่าวว่า “แม้ผู้รู้พระเวทก็มีสองจำพวก—ผู้แสดงสอน (ปรวักตา) และผู้ไม่แสดงสอน ในหมู่เขานั้น ผู้แสดงสอนประเสริฐกว่า เพราะเขาทรงไว้ซึ่งธรรมทั้งปวงที่พระเวทบัญญัติ”

वेदज्ञाःknowers of the Veda
वेदज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्वयाःtwofold / of two kinds
द्वयाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आहुःthey say / have said
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
प्रवक्तॄन्expounders / teachers
प्रवक्तॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवक्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इतरान्others
इतरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रवक्तॄणिthe expounders
प्रवक्तॄणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विशिष्टानिsuperior / distinguished
विशिष्टानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वधर्मोपधारणात्because of (their) upholding of all dharmas
सर्वधर्मोपधारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वधर्म-उपधारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
Veda

Educational Q&A

Vedic learning is not merely private knowledge; the one who can expound and transmit it is considered superior because teaching requires embodying and sustaining the full ethical and ritual framework (sarva-dharma) that the Veda enjoins.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa classifies Veda-knowers into two groups—expounders and non-expounders—and argues for the higher standing of the expounder, emphasizing the social and ethical responsibility of preserving dharma through instruction.