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Shloka 13

Brāhmaṇa-kṛtya, Āśrama-niyama, and Dāna-prasaṃsā

Duties of the Brāhmaṇa, āśrama discipline, and praise of giving

पययिह्न्यमानानामभियोक्ता न विद्यते | दुःखमेतत्‌ तु यद्‌ द्वेष्टा कर्ताहमिति मन्यते

paryāyihnyamānānām abhiyoktā na vidyate | duḥkham etat tu yad dveṣṭā kartāham iti manyate ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ผู้ที่ถูกกระทบซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าด้วยสุขและทุกข์ซึ่งมาถึงตามกาลเวลา ย่อมไม่มีผู้กล่าวโทษอื่น—ไม่มีผู้ร้ายจากภายนอกให้โทษได้ ความทุกข์แท้จริงอยู่ตรงนี้: มนุษย์เกลียดชังความเจ็บปวดที่กำลังเผชิญ แล้วสำคัญผิดว่า ‘เรานี่แหละเป็นผู้กระทำ’ จึงผูกตนไว้กับความระทมด้วยความชังและความหลงในความเป็นผู้กระทำ”

पययिह्न्यमानानाम्of those being afflicted/struck
पययिह्न्यमानानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपययिह्न्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; धातु-अनिश्चित/पाठभेद)
FormMasculine/Neuter (contextual), Genitive, Plural
अभियोक्ताaccuser; one who charges (a culprit)
अभियोक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभियोक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्/विद्-धातु; अस्तित्वे ‘विद्यते’)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
दुःखम्sorrow; suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्that which; because
यत्:
TypePronoun/Indeclinable (relative)
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (contextual), Singular
द्वेष्टाhater; one who feels aversion
द्वेष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्ताdoer; agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; ‘…’ (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मन्यतेthinks; considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Pleasure and pain arise in the natural course of time; blaming an external agent is misguided. Suffering deepens when one reacts with aversion and falsely identifies as the autonomous doer—“I am the maker of this”—instead of seeing experiences as time-conditioned and to be borne with equanimity.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhishthira, Bhishma continues his ethical-philosophical counsel, explaining how wise understanding of time, causality, and non-attachment reduces grief and prevents the mind from creating an enemy or culprit for inevitable life experiences.