Shloka 36

अयन तस्य षण्मासानुत्तरं दक्षिणं तथा । येन संयाति लोकेषु शीतोष्णे विसृजन्‌ रवि:,उनके दो मार्ग हैं--उत्तर और दक्षिण। छ: महीनोंका उत्तरायण होता है और छ: महीनोंका दक्षिणायन। उसीसे सम्पूर्ण जगतमें सर्दी-गर्मीकी सृष्टि करते हुए सूर्यदेव भ्रमण करते हैं

ayanaṃ tasya ṣaṇmāsān uttaraṃ dakṣiṇaṃ tathā | yena saṃyāti lokeṣu śītoṣṇe visṛjan raviḥ ||

ศักระตรัสว่า “สุริยะมีวิถีสองทาง—ขึ้นเหนือและลงใต้ หกเดือนเป็นอุตตรายณะ และหกเดือนเป็นทักษิณายณะ ด้วยการดำเนินไปตามวิถีเหล่านี้ สุริยะจึงท่องไปในโลกทั้งหลาย ก่อให้เกิดการสลับกันของความหนาวและความร้อน”

अयनम्course/going (path)
अयनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअयन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him/its (of the sun)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
षण्मासान्six months (as a duration)
षण्मासान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषण्मास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उत्तरम्northern (course)
उत्तरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दक्षिणम्southern (course)
दक्षिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाand likewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
संयातिgoes/sets forth/moves
संयाति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-या
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकेषुin the worlds
लोकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
शीतोष्णेcold and heat
शीतोष्णे:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशीतोष्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual
विसृजन्creating/producing (sending forth)
विसृजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-सृज्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रविःthe Sun
रविः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरवि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
R
Ravi (the Sun)
U
Uttarāyaṇa
D
Dakṣiṇāyaṇa
L
Loka (worlds/realms)

Educational Q&A

The verse points to a stable cosmic order: the Sun’s two half-yearly courses (northward and southward) regulate seasonal experience (cold and heat). Ethically, it supports the Mahābhārata’s broader theme that dharma is aligned with orderly, law-governed rhythms rather than arbitrariness.

Śakra (Indra) explains the Sun’s movement in two ayanas—Uttarāyaṇa and Dakṣiṇāyaṇa—each lasting six months, and states that through this movement the Sun produces the alternation of cold and heat across the worlds.