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Shloka 29

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

अविवेक, मोह, प्रमाद, स्वप्न और आलस्य--ये किसी तरह भी क्‍यों न हों, तमोगुणके ही विविध रूप हैं ।।

avivekaḥ mohaḥ pramādaḥ svapnaś ca ālasyaṃ ca—ete yathā-kathaṃcid api tamoguṇasyaiva vividha-rūpāṇi. atra yat prīti-saṃyukte kāye manasi vā bhavet, vartate sāttviko bhāva iti apekṣeta tat tathā; etat sattva-guṇa-vṛddhiṃ jānīyāt.

ภีษมะอธิบายว่า ความขาดวิจารณญาณ ความหลง ความประมาท ความหลับ และความเกียจคร้าน—ไม่ว่าจะปรากฏในรูปใด—ล้วนเป็นเพียงรูปแปรต่าง ๆ ของตมสคุณ คือคุณแห่งความมืดและความเฉื่อย. ตรงกันข้าม ภาวะใดที่เกิดขึ้นในกายหรือใจเมื่อประกอบด้วยความปีติและความอิ่มเอมภายใน พึงนับว่าเป็นสาตตวิกภาวะ; ควรรู้ว่าเป็นความเจริญแห่งสตตวคุณ คือความผ่องใส.

अत्रhere/in this context
अत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
यत्that which/whatever
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
प्रीतिसंयुक्तेin (one) connected with pleasure/affection
प्रीतिसंयुक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीतिसंयुक्त
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, singular
कायेin the body
काये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
Formmasculine, locative, singular
मनसिin the mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, locative, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भवेत्may be/arise
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formoptative (vidhilin), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
वर्ततेexists/operates
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
Formpresent indicative (lat), 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
सात्त्विकःsattvic
सात्त्विकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसात्त्विक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
भावःstate/disposition
भावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अपेक्षेतshould regard/consider
अपेक्षेत:
TypeVerb
Rootअपेक्ष्
Formoptative (vidhilin), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
तत्that (as such)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
तथाso/in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma classifies certain mental states—non-discrimination, delusion, heedlessness, sleepiness, and laziness—as expressions of tamas (inertia and obscuration). He then gives a practical marker of sattva: a wholesome gladness or inner contentment arising in body or mind indicates a sāttvika disposition and should be taken as growth of clarity and virtue.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhishthira, Bhishma continues his ethical-psychological teaching by distinguishing the guṇas through observable states of mind and behavior, helping the listener diagnose tamasic decline and recognize sattvic uplift.