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Shloka 27

Śrī–Indra–Bali Saṃvāda: The Departure and Fourfold Placement of Lakṣmī

प्रत्यक्ष होतयोमूलं कृतान्तौतिहयोरपि । प्रत्यक्षेणागमो भिन्न: कृतान्तो वा न किउड्चन,अनुमान और आगम--इन दोनों प्रमाणोंका मूल प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण है। आगम या अनुमान यदि प्रत्यक्ष अनुभवके विरुद्ध है तो वह कुछ भी नहीं है--उसकी प्रामाणिकता नहीं स्वीकार की जा सकती

pratyakṣaṃ hetumūlaṃ kṛtāntautihayor api | pratyakṣeṇāgamo bhinnaḥ kṛtānto vā na kiñcana ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า: การรับรู้โดยตรงเป็นรากฐานแม้ของการอนุมานและคำสืบรับจากศาสตรา. หากคำสอนที่รับสืบมาหรือข้ออนุมานขัดกับประสบการณ์ตรง ก็ย่อมเป็นโมฆะ—ไม่อาจยอมรับความเป็นหลักฐานได้.

प्रत्यक्षम्direct perception
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
होतयोःof the two (kinds of) invokers/priests
होतयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहोतु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
मूलम्root, basis
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृतान्तयोःof the two (kinds of) conclusions/determinations
कृतान्तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृतान्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
इहयोःhere (in this context)
इहयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रत्यक्षेणby direct perception
प्रत्यक्षेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आगमःscriptural testimony/tradition
आगमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआगम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भिन्नःdivergent, opposed
भिन्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतान्तःconclusion/determination
कृतान्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
किञ्चनanything at all
किञ्चन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चन

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches a hierarchy of knowledge-sources: direct perception is foundational, and inference or scriptural testimony must not contradict lived, direct experience; if they do, their authority is to be rejected.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right understanding, Bhīṣma lays down an epistemic rule for ethical discernment: reasoning and tradition are valuable, but they must be anchored in and consistent with direct perception.