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Shloka 16

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

प्रकाशस्तपसो ज्ञानं लोके संशब्दितं तप: । रजस्तमोघ्नं यत्‌ कर्म तपसस्तत्‌ स्वलक्षणम्‌,लोकमें तप शब्द विख्यात है। उस तपका फल है, ज्ञानस्वरूप प्रकाश। रजोगुण और तमोगुणका नाश करनेवाला जो निष्काम कर्म है, वही तपस्याका स्वरूपबोधक लक्षण है

bhīṣma uvāca | prakāśas tapaso jñānaṃ loke saṃśabditaṃ tapaḥ | rajas-tamo-ghnaṃ yat karma tapasas tat svalakṣaṇam |

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ในโลกนี้ ‘ตบะ’ กล่าวกันว่าเป็นสิ่งที่ให้ผลเป็นแสงสว่าง คือญาณ. กรรมอันปราศจากความยึดหวังซึ่งกำจัดรชัสและตมัสได้นั่นแล คือเครื่องหมายแท้แห่งตบะ

प्रकाशःlight, radiance
प्रकाशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपसःof austerity (tapas)
तपसः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संशब्दितम्is called/termed
संशब्दितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-शब्द्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तपःausterity, tapas
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas (passion)
रजः:
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/ignorance)
तमः:
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
घ्नम्destroying, removing
घ्नम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, ख्न (agentive/possessive adjectival formation as in -घ्न)
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कर्मaction, deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपसःof tapas
तपसः:
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वलक्षणम्its own defining characteristic
स्वलक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-लक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

True tapas is not mere physical hardship; it is disciplined, motive-free action that reduces rajas (agitation/desire) and tamas (inertia/delusion), culminating in prakāśa—illumination in the form of jñāna (knowledge).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira by defining the hallmark of genuine austerity: ethical, selfless action that purifies the mind and yields clarity and knowledge.