Shloka 20

गुणहीनो हि त॑ मार्ग बहि: समनुवर्तते । गुणाभावात्‌ प्रकृत्या वा निस्तर्क्य ज्ञेयसम्मितम्‌,उक्त तपस्या आदि गुणोंसे रहित मनुष्य बाहर रहकर बाह्य मार्गका ही अनुसरण करता है। वह ज्ञेयस्वरूप परमात्मा गुणोंसे अतीत होनेके कारण स्वभावसे ही तर्कका विषय नहीं है

guṇahīno hi taṁ mārgaṁ bahiḥ samanuvartate | guṇābhāvāt prakṛtyā vā nistarkyaṁ jñeyasammitam ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ผู้ไร้คุณธรรมย่อมอยู่แต่ภายนอกและดำเนินตามทางภายนอกเท่านั้น แต่ปรมาตมัน—อันเป็นสิ่งที่พึงรู้สูงสุด—อยู่เหนือคุณทั้งปวง เพราะฉะนั้นโดยสภาวะของพระองค์เอง จึงไม่อาจเข้าถึงหรือวัดได้ด้วยตรรกะล้วนๆ”

गुणहीनःdevoid of qualities
गुणहीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मार्गम्path/way
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बहिःoutside
बहिः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहिः
समनुवर्ततेfollows/keeps following
समनुवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अनु-वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
गुणाभावात्from the absence of qualities
गुणाभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुणाभाव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रकृत्याby nature
प्रकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
निस्तर्क्यम्not amenable to reasoning
निस्तर्क्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिस्तर्क्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयसम्मितम्commensurate with/limited to the knowable (object of knowledge)
ज्ञेयसम्मितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेयसम्मित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Paramatman (Supreme Self)

Educational Q&A

External observances without inner virtues keep one on an ‘outer path.’ The ultimate reality (Paramatman), being beyond the guṇas, cannot be captured by argument alone; it is approached through inner purification, disciplined practice, and direct realization rather than mere debate.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma continues his discourse on dharma and spiritual attainment, contrasting superficial religiosity with genuine inner transformation and pointing to the transcendence of the Supreme Self beyond conceptual reasoning.