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Shloka 20

अव्यक्त–व्यक्त–कारणकार्यविवेकः

Avyakta–Vyakta and Causality: Discrimination of Field and Knower

नेन्द्रियर्मनस: सिद्धिर्न बुद्धि बुछाते मन: । न बुद्धिर्बुद्धाते5व्यक्तं सूक्ष्मं त्वेतानि पश्यति,इन्द्रियोंद्रार मनकी सिद्धि नहीं होती अर्थात्‌ इन्द्रियाँ मनको नहीं जानती हैं। मन बुद्धिको नहीं जानता और बुद्धि सूक्ष्म एवं अव्यक्त आत्माको नहीं जानती है; किंतु अव्यक्त आत्मा इन सबको देखता और जानता है

nendriyair manasaḥ siddhir na buddhiḥ budhyate manaḥ | na buddhiḥ budhyate ’vyaktaṃ sūkṣmaṃ tv etāni paśyati ||

อินทรีย์ทั้งหลายมิได้หยั่งรู้มโน; มโนมิได้หยั่งรู้ปัญญา (พุทธิ); และปัญญามิได้หยั่งรู้ตน (อาตมัน) อันละเอียดและอว்யกต. แต่ตนอันละเอียดและอว்யกตนั้นเองเป็นสักขี—เห็นและรู้สิ่งทั้งปวงนี้.

{'na''not', 'indriyaiḥ (indriya)': 'by the senses
{'na':
sense-faculties', 'manasaḥ (manas)''of the mind
sense-faculties', 'manasaḥ (manas)':
the mind', 'siddhiḥ''attainment
the mind', 'siddhiḥ':
successful apprehension/knowledge', 'buddhiḥ''intellect
successful apprehension/knowledge', 'buddhiḥ':
discriminative faculty', 'budhyate (√budh)''is understood/known
discriminative faculty', 'budhyate (√budh)':
apprehends', 'avyaktam''the unmanifest
apprehends', 'avyaktam':
not perceptible', 'sūkṣmam''subtle
not perceptible', 'sūkṣmam':
extremely fine, beyond gross perception', 'tu''but
extremely fine, beyond gross perception', 'tu':
however', 'etāni''these (senses, mind, intellect)', 'paśyati (√paś)': 'sees
however', 'etāni':

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
I
indriya (senses)
M
manas (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
A
avyakta ātman (unmanifest Self)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a hierarchy of knowing: senses cannot grasp the mind, mind cannot grasp intellect, and intellect cannot grasp the subtle unmanifest Self; nevertheless the Self is the witnessing principle that illuminates and knows all mental and sensory operations.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and liberation-oriented wisdom. Here he explains an inner analysis of cognition to direct attention away from external faculties toward the witnessing Self as the basis of true knowledge.