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Shloka 32

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

कालने कहा--विप्रवर! तुम्हारे इस जपका यथायोग्य सर्वोत्तम फल प्राप्त हुआ है। अतः अब तुम्हारे लिये स्वर्गलोकमें जानेका समय आया है। यही सूचित करनेके लिये मैं साक्षात्‌ काल तुम्हारे पास आया हूँ ।। मृत्युरुवाच मृत्युं मां विद्धि धर्मज्ञ रूपिणं स्वयमागतम्‌ । कालेन चोदितो विप्र त्वामितो नेतुमद्य वै,मृत्युने कहा--धर्मज्ञ ब्राह्मण! मुझे मृत्यु समझो। मैं स्वयं ही शरीर धारण करके यहाँ आया हूँ। विप्रवर! मैं कालसे प्रेरित होकर आज तुम्हें यहाँसे ले जानेके लिये उपस्थित हुआ हूँ

mṛtyur uvāca—mṛtyuṁ māṁ viddhi dharmajña rūpiṇaṁ svayam āgatam | kālena codito vipra tvām ito netum adya vai ||

มัจจุราชกล่าวว่า “โอ้ผู้รู้ธรรม จงรู้เราเถิดว่าเป็นความตาย เราได้แปลงกายเป็นรูปให้เห็นและมาด้วยตนเอง โอ้พราหมณ์ผู้ประเสริฐ ด้วยการชักนำของกาล วันนี้เรามาเพื่อพาเจ้าจากที่นี่ไป”

मृत्युःDeath (personified)
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मृत्युम्Death (as object: 'as Death')
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
विद्धिknow (recognize)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मज्ञO knower of dharma
धर्मज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रूपिणम्embodied; having a form
रूपिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरूपिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वयम्by oneself; personally
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
आगतम्come; arrived
आगतम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
कालेनby Time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
चोदितःimpelled; urged
चोदितः:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विप्रO brahmin
विप्र:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
इतःfrom here
इतः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइतः
नेतुम्to lead; to take away
नेतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अद्यtoday; now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
वैindeed; surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

काल उवाच

M
Mṛtyu (Death)
K
Kāla (Time)
V
Vipra (brāhmaṇa addressed)
S
Svarga-loka (heavenly world, implied by the surrounding prose context)

Educational Q&A

Even a dharma-knowing person remains subject to Kāla (Time): embodied life ends when Time impels Death. The verse underscores the ethical realism of the epic—spiritual merit may lead to higher realms, yet departure from the body occurs by the ordained order of Time.

Mṛtyu appears in person and identifies himself to a brāhmaṇa as Death. He explains that he has come, prompted by Kāla, to take the brāhmaṇa away from the present world—signaling the moment of transition from embodied life to the next state (contextually, toward heaven due to the fruit of the brāhmaṇa’s practice).