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Shloka 13

धर्मसूक्ष्मे त्यागप्रधान्यविचारः

Subtle Dharma and the Primacy of Renunciation

तपःस्वाध्यायशीला हि दृश्यन्ते धार्मिका जना: । ऋषयस्तपसा युक्ता येषां लोका: सनातना:,उत्तरेण तु पन्थानमार्या विषयनिग्रहात्‌ | अबुद्धिजं तमस्त्यक्त्वा लोकांस्त्यागवतां गता:

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

Tapaḥsvādhyāyaśīlā hi dṛśyante dhārmikā janāḥ |

Ṛṣayas tapasā yuktā yeṣāṃ lokāḥ sanātanāḥ |

Uttareṇa tu panthānam āryā viṣayanigrahāt |

Abuddhijaṃ tamas tyaktvā lokāṃs tyāgavatāṃ gatāḥ ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “แท้จริงแล้ว ผู้ทรงธรรมทั้งหลายปรากฏว่าอุทิศตนแก่ตบะและสวาธยายะ ส่วนฤๅษีผู้ประกอบตบะย่อมบรรลุโลกอันเป็นนิรันดร์ และชนผู้ประเสริฐย่อมดำเนินสู่หนทางอันสูงกว่า ด้วยการสำรวมอินทรีย์ สลัดทิ้งความมืดที่เกิดจากอวิชชา แล้วเข้าถึงแดนของผู้สละ (ผู้ทรงไท้ยาคะ)”

तपःस्वाध्यायशीलाhaving the habit of austerity and self-study
तपःस्वाध्यायशीला:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस् + स्वाध्याय + शील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दृश्यन्तेare seen / are found
दृश्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural
धार्मिकाrighteous
धार्मिका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधार्मिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
युक्ताःendowed / joined
युक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज् (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येषाम्of whom
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
लोकाःworlds / realms
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सनातनाःeternal
सनातनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उत्तरेणby the northern (way); afterwards / further
उत्तरेण:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable (postposition-like)
Rootउत्तर
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पन्थानम्path
पन्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आर्याःnoble ones
आर्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootआर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विषयनिग्रहात्from restraint of the senses/objects
विषयनिग्रहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय + निग्रह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अबुद्धिजम्born of non-intelligence (ignorance-born)
अबुद्धिजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + बुद्धि + ज
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तमःdarkness / ignorance
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (क्त्वा)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
लोकान्worlds / realms
लोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
त्यागवताम्of the renunciants
त्यागवताम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootत्यागवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गताःhave gone / attained
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
ṛṣayaḥ (seers/sages)
Ā
āryāḥ (the noble)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is strengthened by disciplined practice—tapas and svādhyāya—and perfected through viṣayanigraha (sense-restraint). By abandoning ignorance-born darkness, one becomes fit for the ‘higher path’ and the renunciant’s goal, described as enduring realms and spiritual elevation.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction-oriented setting, Yudhiṣṭhira reflects on what marks truly dhārmika persons: their commitment to austerity and sacred learning, the example of ṛṣis who attain lasting worlds, and the superior course of the āryas who conquer the senses and move toward renunciation.