Shloka 4

Adhyāya 180: Jīva, Śarīra, and the Fire Analogy (भृगु–भरद्वाज संवादः)

Devanagari script

प्रह्माद उवाच स्वस्थ: शक्तो मृदुर्दान्तो निर्विधित्सोडनसूयक: । सुवाक्‌ प्रगल्भो मेधावी प्राज्ञशक्षरसि बालवत्‌

Transliteration

Prahlāda uvāca: svasthaḥ śakto mṛdur dānto nirvidhitsodanasūyakaḥ | suvāk pragalbho medhāvī prājñaś ca kṣarasi bālavat ||

Translation

ปรหลาทะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พราหมณ์! ท่านสงบผ่องใส แข็งแรง อ่อนโยน และสำรวมอินทรีย์; ท่านไม่เริ่มการกระทำด้วยแรงผลักแห่งความกระสับกระส่าย และไม่เที่ยวเพ่งโทษผู้อื่น วาจาของท่านไพเราะและร้อยเรียงงดงาม; ท่านองอาจ ฉลาด รอบรู้ และปราชญ์—แต่กลับดำเนินไปด้วยความเรียบง่ายดุจเด็กน้อย”

Word by Word

• प्रह्लादः: Prahlada
• प्रह्लादः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रह्लाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular

• स्वस्थः: healthy/at ease
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शक्तः: capable/strong
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मृदुः: gentle/soft
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृदु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दान्तः: self-controlled/tamed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दान्त (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त from दम्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निर्विधित्सुः: not wishing to undertake (actions)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्विधित्सु (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative adjective from √विध/√विद् in sense 'to undertake')
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उदनसूयकः: non-censorious; not finding fault with others
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनसूयक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुवाक्: sweet-/good-spoken
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुवाक् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रगल्भः: bold/confident
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रगल्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मेधावी: intelligent
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मेधाविन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्राज्ञः: wise
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• चरसि: you move about/live
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Second, Singular

• बालवत्: like a child
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बालवत् (अव्ययभावे; प्रातिपदिक from बाल + वत्)

Speaker

प्रह्माद उवाच

Characters & Entities

• प्रह्लाद (Prahlāda)
• ब्रह्मन् (a Brahman/learned sage addressed)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse praises an ethical ideal: inner steadiness (svastha), strength without harshness (śakta yet mṛdu), disciplined senses (dānta), freedom from envy and fault-finding (anasūyaka), and refined truthful speech (suvāk). Even with wisdom and learning, one should retain childlike simplicity (bālavat), indicating humility and lack of ego.

What is happening in the narrative?

Prahlāda addresses a Brahman/sage-like figure, observing and commending his virtues. The description functions as a character assessment within the Śānti Parva’s moral discourse, highlighting the marks of a truly wise person whose conduct is gentle, non-malicious, and humble.