Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

प्रजाविसर्ग-तत्त्वनिर्णयः | Cosmogony of Elemental Emergence

Bharadvāja–Bhṛgu Dialogue

रात्र्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामायुरल्पतरं यदा । गाधोदके मत्स्य इव सुखं विन्देत कस्तदा

rātryāṃ rātryāṃ vyatītāyām āyur alpataraṃ yadā | gāḍhodake matsya iva sukhaṃ vindeta kas tadā ||

เมื่อราตรีผ่านไปทีละคืน อายุย่อมสั้นลงเรื่อย ๆ ครั้นชีวิตร่อยหรอลงเช่นนี้ ใครเล่าจะพบสุขแท้ได้—ดุจปลาที่ดิ้นรนอยู่ในน้ำลึก?

रात्र्याम्in the night
रात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
रात्र्याम्in the night (each night)
रात्र्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
व्यतीतायाम्having passed / when (it) has passed
व्यतीतायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यतीत
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
आयुःlife-span
आयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अल्पतरम्smaller / shorter (still)
अल्पतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्पतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गाध-उदकेin shallow water
गाध-उदके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगाधोदक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मत्स्यःa fish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सुखम्happiness / comfort
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विन्देतmight find / could obtain
विन्देत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
F
fish (matsya)
N
night (rātri)
L
lifespan (āyus)

Educational Q&A

Time relentlessly reduces one’s remaining life; therefore complacent pleasure is irrational. The verse urges wakefulness, restraint, and purposeful living grounded in dharma rather than chasing fleeting comforts.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on right conduct and the realities of human life. Here he emphasizes the nightly erosion of lifespan to press the listener toward ethical seriousness and inner discipline.