Shloka 8

धर्मो राजन्‌ गुण: श्रेष्ठो मध्यमो हार्थ उच्यते । कामो यवीयानिति च प्रवदन्ति मनीषिण:,राजन! धर्म ही श्रेष्ठ गुण है, अर्थको मध्यम बताया जाता है और काम सबकी अपेक्षा लघु है; ऐसा मनीषी पुरुष कहते हैं

dharmo rājan guṇaḥ śreṣṭho madhyamo hy artha ucyate | kāmo yavīyān iti ca pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ ||

วิดูระกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ธรรมเป็นคุณอันประเสริฐที่สุด อรรถถูกกล่าวว่าอยู่ระดับกลาง ส่วนกามเป็นสิ่งต่ำสุด—ดังนี้คือคำตัดสินของบัณฑิตผู้รอบรู้”

धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गुणःquality, merit
गुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःbest, supreme
श्रेष्ठः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःmiddling, intermediate
मध्यमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्थःwealth, material good (artha)
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said, is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
कामःdesire, pleasure (kāma)
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यवीयान्younger; lesser (comparative)
यवीयान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus, as (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रवदन्तिthey declare, they say
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Active
मनीषिणःthe wise (men)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse ranks human aims: Dharma is supreme, Artha is secondary, and Kāma is the least. Ethical duty and righteousness should govern the pursuit of wealth and pleasure, not the other way around.

Vidura addresses a king and offers counsel in the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, presenting a normative principle for governance and personal conduct: the ruler (and all people) should prioritize Dharma above material gain and sensual desire.