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Shloka 40

Śānti-parva 168: Śoka-nivṛtti-buddhi (The Cognition that Reduces Grief) and Piṅgalā’s Nairāśya

धर्मार्थकामा: सममेव सेव्या यो होकभक्त: स नरो जघन्य: । तयोस्तु दाक्ष्यं प्रवदन्ति मध्य॑ स उत्तमो यो5भिरतस्त्रिवर्गे,मेरे विचारसे धर्म, अर्थ और काम तीनोंका एक साथ ही सेवन करना चाहिये। जो इनमेंसे एकका ही भक्त है, वह मनुष्य अधम है, जो दोके सेवनमें निपुण है, उसे मध्यम श्रेणीका बताया गया है और जो त्रिवर्गमें समानरूपसे अनुरक्त है, वह मनुष्य उत्तम है

dharmārthakāmāḥ samam eva sevyā yo hy ekabhaktaḥ sa naro jaghanyaḥ | tayos tu dākṣyaṁ pravadanti madhyaḥ sa uttamo yo 'bhiratas trivarge ||

ตามความเห็นของเรา ธรรม อรรถ และกาม ควรบำเพ็ญควบคู่กันอย่างสมดุล. ผู้ที่ยึดถือเพียงข้อเดียวเป็นที่รักยิ่งนั้นนับว่าต่ำสุด; ผู้ชำนาญในการดำเนินสองข้อเรียกว่าปานกลาง; ส่วนผู้ที่รื่นรมย์และมุ่งมั่นในไตรวรรคทั้งสามอย่างเสมอภาค ย่อมเป็นยอดคน.

धर्मार्थकामाःdharma, artha and kāma (the three aims)
धर्मार्थकामाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + अर्थ + काम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समम्equally
समम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सेव्याःto be pursued/served
सेव्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसेव्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, gerundive (तव्यत्), passive sense
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकin one (alone)
एक:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
भक्तःdevoted
भक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःman
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जघन्यःlowest/base
जघन्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजघन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तयोःof the two (of them)
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दाक्ष्यम्skill/proficiency
दाक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदाक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवदन्तिthey declare/say
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मध्यम्middling/medium (rank)
मध्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमःbest/excellent
उत्तमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिरतःengaged/attached
अभिरतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, past participle (क्त) from √रम् with उपसर्ग अभि
त्रिवर्गेin the triad (of aims)
त्रिवर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीमयेन उवाच

B
Bhīma (speaker)

Educational Q&A

Human excellence lies in a balanced pursuit of the three aims—dharma (right conduct), artha (material well-being), and kāma (legitimate enjoyment). Exclusive fixation on only one aim is criticized as inferior; competence in two is middling; equal engagement with all three is praised as best.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Bhīma articulates a practical ethical standard for living after the war: rather than extreme renunciation or single-goal obsession, one should integrate duty, prosperity, and desire in proper proportion.