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Shloka 42

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

मुहुर्मुहुश्च भूतानि प्राव्यथन्त भयात्‌ तथा । ततः स तुमुलं दृष्टवा तं च भूतमुपस्थितम्‌

muhurmuhuś ca bhūtāni prāvyathanta bhayāt tathā | tataḥ sa tumulaṃ dṛṣṭvā taṃ ca bhūtam upasthitam |

เหล่าสรรพชีวิตสะท้านหวาดกลัวครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า ครั้นเห็นความอื้ออึงอันน่ากลัวนั้น และเห็นภูตสรรพ์ซึ่งยืนอยู่ตรงหน้า เขาก็หยั่งรู้ถึงความหนักหน่วงแห่งการปรากฏตัวนั้น

मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुस्
FormAvyaya (adverb)
मुहुःrepeatedly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुस्
FormAvyaya (adverb)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
भूतानिbeings/creatures
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, nominative, plural
प्राव्यथन्तwere distressed/terrified
प्राव्यथन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यथ्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person, plural; parasmaipada; with preverb प्र-
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, ablative, singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
FormAvyaya (adverb)
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (adverb)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तुमुलम्tumultuous/terrible (uproar)
तुमुलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable; 'having seen'
तम्that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
भूतम्being/creature (spirit)
भूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
उपस्थितम्present/come near
उपस्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-स्था
FormPast passive participle (क्त), neuter accusative singular; 'having come/standing near, present'

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
bhūtāni
B
bhūta (a being/spirit)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how fear can spread and unsettle all beings when an ominous or extraordinary event manifests; it sets up a reflective context in which steadiness and discernment become necessary for right action (dharma) amid disturbance.

Bhīṣma describes a scene where repeated waves of fear shake the surrounding beings; a violent tumult is perceived, and a particular 'bhūta' (a being/spirit/creature) is seen as having appeared and standing nearby, intensifying the moment.