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Shloka 61

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

काले चतुर्थे भुठ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत्‌ । स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत त्रिरह्वाभ्युपयन्नप: । एवमेव निराकर्ता यश्षाग्नीनपविध्यति

kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet | sthānāsanābhyāṁ viharet trir ahvābhyupayann apaḥ | evam eva nirākartā yaḥ agnīn apavidhyati |

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “พึงรับประทานอาหารเฉพาะในเวลาที่สี่ตามกำหนด ดำรงตนเป็นพรหมจารีและผู้ถือวัตร พึงใช้วันคืนด้วยความสำรวม—เพียงยืนหรือเพียงนั่ง—และวันละสามครั้งเข้าไปหาน้ำเพื่อชำระให้บริสุทธิ์ ด้วยวิธีนี้เองเป็นการชดใช้โทษอันถูกต้องสำหรับผู้ที่ทอดทิ้งหรือเพิกเฉยต่อไฟศักดิ์สิทธิ์”

कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
चतुर्थेin the fourth (period)
चतुर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भुञ्जानःeating/partaking
भुञ्जानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
ब्रह्मचारीa celibate student; one observing brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्रतीone under a vow; vow-observer
व्रती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be/become
भवेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्थानासनाभ्याम्by standing and sitting (postures)
स्थानासनाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थानासन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
विहरेत्should move about/should spend time
विहरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + हृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिः
अह्नाin a day; by day
अह्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्युपयन्approaching; going near
अभ्युपयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + उप + इ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
अपःwaters
अपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
निराकर्ताremover; one who rejects/sets aside
निराकर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिर् + आ + कृ (निराकर्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, तृच् (agent noun)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्नीन्fires (sacred fires)
अग्नीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपविध्यतिcasts away; discards; throws aside
अपविध्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअप + विध्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
agnayaḥ (sacred fires)
A
apaḥ (water)

Educational Q&A

The verse prescribes a disciplined penance: regulated eating, celibacy, vow-observance, restrained posture (standing/sitting), and thrice-daily ritual water-taking, as an expiation for neglecting the sacred household fires.

In Bhishma’s dharma-instruction in the Śānti Parva, he lays down a specific rule of conduct (austerity and purification regimen) to rectify the fault of abandoning or failing to maintain the sacred fires.