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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

विज्वैदेवैश्व साध्यैश्न ब्राह्मणैश्व महर्षिभि: । आपत्सु मरणाद्‌ भीतैर्विधि: प्रतिनिधीकृत:,क्योंकि विश्वेदेव, साध्य, ब्राह्णण और महर्षि--इन सब लोगोंने मृत्युसे डरकर आपत्कालके विषयमें प्रत्येक विधिका प्रतिनिधि नियत कर दिया है

viśvaidevaiś ca sādhyaiś ca brāhmaṇaiś ca maharṣibhiḥ | āpatsu maraṇād bhītair vidhiḥ pratinidhīkṛtaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า— แม้เหล่าวิศฺวเทวะและสาธยะ พร้อมทั้งพราหมณ์และมหาฤๅษี เมื่อถูกความหวาดกลัวต่อความตายในคราววิกฤตครอบงำ ก็ได้วางหลัก “การทดแทน” ไว้ โดยกำหนดทางแทนหรือผู้แทนสำหรับข้อบัญญัติแต่ละประการ เพื่อให้ธรรมยังคงดำรงอยู่เมื่อการเคร่งครัดตามบทบัญญัติทำไม่ได้.

विश्वेदेवैःby the Viśvedevas (all-gods)
विश्वेदेवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वेदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साध्यैःby the Sādhyas
साध्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसाध्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणैःby Brahmins
ब्राह्मणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महर्षिभिःby great sages
महर्षिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
आपत्सुin calamities / in times of distress
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
मरणात्from death
मरणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भीतैःby (those) frightened
भीतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विधिःa rule / procedure
विधिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिनिधीकृतःmade into a substitute / deputed
प्रतिनिधीकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिनिधीकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
Viśvedevas
S
Sādhyas
B
Brāhmaṇas
M
Maharṣis

Educational Q&A

In emergencies (āpatsu), dharma allows regulated substitution (pratinidhi) for strict rules (vidhi), so that the spirit and continuity of dharma are maintained when literal performance is not feasible.

Bhishma is explaining principles of āpaddharma in the Śānti Parva, citing even divine and sage authorities (Viśvedevas, Sādhyas, Brahmins, Maharṣis) as having sanctioned representative substitutes for prescribed acts under life-threatening distress.