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Shloka 11

Virūpākṣa’s Dāna and Gautama’s Burden — the approach of Rājadharma

भक्ष्यं पेयमथालेहां यच्चान्यत्‌ साधु भोजनम्‌ । प्रेक्षमाणेषु यो5श्रीयान्रशंसमिति त॑ वदेत्‌

bhakṣyaṃ peyam athālehāṃ yac cānyat sādhu bhojanam | prekṣamāṇeṣu yo 'śrīyān raśaṃsam iti taṃ vadet ||

ไม่ว่าจะเป็นของกิน ของดื่ม ของหวานที่ต้องเลียกิน หรืออาหารเลิศรสอื่นใด—หากผู้ใดในขณะที่ผู้อื่นมองอยู่กลับกินส่วนที่ดีที่สุดเสียคนเดียว ผู้นั้นพึงถูกเรียกว่า ‘นฤศังสะ’ (โหดร้าย ใจต่ำ)

भक्ष्यम्food (to be eaten)
भक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पेयम्drink (to be drunk)
पेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपेय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आलेहान्lickables (confections/pastes)
आलेहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआलेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यत्whatever/that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्other (thing)
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
साधुgood/excellent
साधु:
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भोजनम्food/meal
भोजनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रेक्षमाणेषुwhile (others) are looking/onlookers being present
प्रेक्षमाणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेक्षमान
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्रीयान्ignoble/without propriety (shameless)
अश्रीयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृशंसम्cruel/inhuman
नृशंसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वदेत्should call/say
वदेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Hoarding the best food for oneself in front of others is condemned as nṛśaṃsatā—cruel, ignoble conduct. The verse upholds generosity, consideration for others, and restraint as marks of dharmic behavior.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhishma is teaching Yudhishthira ethical norms. Here he gives a concrete example: a person who consumes the choicest food alone while others watch is to be morally censured.