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Shloka 28

कपोत-लुब्धकसंवादः — Hunter’s Remorse and Renunciatory Resolve

तस्मात्‌ तीक्षण: प्रजा राजा स्वधर्मे स्थापयेत्‌ ततः । अन्योन्यं भक्षयन्तो हि प्रचरेयुर्वका इव,अतः तीक्ष्ण स्वभाववाला राजा ही प्रजाको अपने-अपने धर्ममें स्थापित कर सकता है; अन्यथा प्रजावर्गके सब लोग भेड़ियोंके समान एक दूसरेको लूट-खसोटकर खाते हुए स्वच्छन्द विचरने लगें

tasmāt tīkṣṇaḥ prajā rājā svadharme sthāpayet tataḥ | anyonyaṁ bhakṣayanto hi pracareyur vakā iva ||

ฉะนั้น พระราชาผู้เด็ดขาดและเข้มแข็งพึงสถาปนาประชาชนไว้ในหน้าที่ของตนตามสวธรรมะ; มิฉะนั้นหมู่ชนจักเร่ร่อนอย่างไร้การควบคุม ดุจหมาป่าที่กัดกินกันเอง ปล้นชิงและเขมือบกันไปมา।

तस्मात्therefore/from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
तीक्ष्णःsharp/strict
तीक्ष्णः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects/people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
स्वधर्मेin (their) own duty
स्वधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थापयेत्should establish/place
स्थापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (स्थापयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अन्योन्यम्one another (mutually)
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
भक्षयन्तःdevouring/eating
भक्षयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
प्रचरेयुःwould roam/wander
प्रचरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वकाःwolves (as given in the cited text)
वकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/people (prajāḥ)
W
wolves (vakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that effective kingship requires firm enforcement of dharma: a ruler must keep people established in their proper duties; without such restraint, society collapses into mutual predation and lawlessness.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira about governance, warning that if a king is not stern in upholding order, the subjects will harm one another and wander unchecked like wolves.