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Shloka 76

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

श्षपच उवाच यद्‌ ब्राह्मणार्थे कृतमर्थितेन तेनर्षिणा तदवस्थाधिकारे | स वै धर्मो यत्र न पापमस्ति सर्वैरुपायैर्गुरवो हि रक्ष्या:,चाण्डालने कहा--महर्षि अगस्त्यने ब्राह्म॒णोंकी रक्षाके लिये प्रार्थना की जानेपर वैसी अवस्थामें वातापिका भक्षणरूप कार्य किया था (उनके वैसा करनेसे बहुतसे ब्राह्मणोंकी रक्षा हो गयी; अन्यथा वह राक्षस उन सबको खा जाता; अतः महर्षिका वह कार्य धर्म ही था)। धर्म वही है, जिसमें लेशमात्र भी पाप न हो। ब्राह्मण गुरुजन हैं; अतः सभी उपायोंसे उनकी एवं उनके धर्मकी रक्षा करनी चाहिये

śvapaca uvāca | yad brāhmaṇārthe kṛtam arthitena tenarṣiṇā tad avasthādhikāre | sa vai dharmo yatra na pāpam asti sarvair upāyair guravo hi rakṣyāḥ ||

ศวปจะกล่าวว่า “การที่ฤๅษีผู้นั้นกระทำเมื่อถูกวิงวอน เพื่อคุ้มครองพราหมณ์ทั้งหลาย—ในภาวะคับขันและขอบเขตอำนาจเฉพาะนั้น—ย่อมเป็นสิ่งชอบธรรม. ธรรมะคือสิ่งที่ปราศจากมลทินแห่งบาปแม้เพียงน้อย. เพราะพราหมณ์เป็นครูผู้ควรเคารพ จึงต้องพิทักษ์ท่าน—และธรรมของท่าน—ด้วยทุกวิถีทาง.”

श्वपचःthe outcaste (śvapaca)
श्वपचः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वपच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणार्थेfor the sake of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणार्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कृतम्done
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अर्थितेनby one who was requested/entreated
अर्थितेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थित
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
ऋषिणाby the sage
ऋषिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अवस्था-अधिकारेin that particular situation/condition
अवस्था-अधिकारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअवस्थाधिकर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःthat (he/it)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
धर्मःdharma/righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पापम्sin/evil
पापम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वैःby all
सर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
उपायैःby means/methods
उपायैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गुरवःelders/teachers (gurus)
गुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
रक्ष्याःare to be protected
रक्ष्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormGerundive (तव्य/य), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

श्षपच उवाच

Ś
Śvapaca (speaker)
B
Brāhmaṇas
Ṛṣi (the sage; contextually Agastya in the surrounding narrative)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is judged by the absence of moral fault and by the demands of the situation: an act that might look harsh can be righteous if done under necessity to protect the innocent and uphold sacred duty; venerable teachers (brāhmaṇas) should be protected by all appropriate means.

The speaker (Śvapaca) defends a sage’s controversial action performed after being requested to protect brāhmaṇas, arguing that in that emergency context it was dharma, since it prevented greater harm and safeguarded the community and its religious order.