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Shloka 44

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

'जो विश्वासपात्र नहीं है, उसपर कभी विश्वास न करे, परंतु जो विश्वासपात्र है, उसपर भी अधिक विश्वास न करे; क्योंकि अधिक विश्वाससे भय उत्पन्न होता है अतः बिना जाँचे बूझे किसीपर भी विश्वास न करे ।। विश्वासयित्वा तु परं तत्त्वभूतेन हेतुना । अथास्य प्रहरेत्‌ काले किंचिद्‌ विचलिते पदे

aviśvāsapātre na kadācit viśvaset, viśvāsapātre 'pi cāti-viśvāsaṁ na kuryāt; ati-viśvāsād bhayaṁ jāyate, tasmād ajñātvā na kasyacid viśvāsaṁ kuryāt. viśvāsayitvā tu paraṁ tattvabhūtena hetunā, athāsya praharet kāle kiñcid vicalite pade.

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “อย่าไว้วางใจผู้ไม่น่าไว้วางใจ และแม้ผู้ที่น่าไว้วางใจก็อย่าไว้วางใจจนเกินประมาณ เพราะความไว้วางใจเกินควรย่อมนำภัยมา ฉะนั้นอย่าเชื่อใจผู้ใดโดยมิได้ตรวจสอบก่อน แล้วจงใช้อุบายอันดูเสมือนจริงให้เขาเกิดความเชื่อถือเสียก่อน ครั้นถึงกาลเหมาะ—เมื่อเห็นว่าเท้าเขาคลอนเพียงน้อย—จึงค่อยลงมือโจมตี”

विश्वासयित्वाhaving made (someone) trust / having trusted
विश्वासयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वासय् (caus. of √श्वस्/√वस् in sense 'to trust')
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी-प्रयोग (causative sense), indeclinable
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
परम्the other (person)
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
तत्त्वभूतेनby a real/essential (i.e., genuine) one
तत्त्वभूतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्वभूत
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
हेतुनाby/with a reason, cause, pretext
हेतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
अथthen, thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अस्यof him / against him (contextually: on him)
अस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (pronoun base: अस्मद्/इदम् → अस्य)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
प्रहरेत्should strike/attack
प्रहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√हृ (to strike) / √हन् (in sense 'to smite')
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), 3rd, singular, परस्मैपद
कालेat the time, at the right moment
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, locative, singular
किञ्चित्a little, somewhat
किञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चित्
विचलितेwhen (it is) shaken/slipped
विचलिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-चलित
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), neuter, locative, singular
पदेin a step/position/footing
पदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपद
Formneuter, locative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Exercise discernment in trust: do not trust the untrustworthy, and do not become careless even with the trustworthy. Over-trust creates vulnerability; therefore, trust should follow examination and understanding.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and polity in the Shanti Parva, he warns about the risks of misplaced or excessive trust and describes a common tactic of adversaries: first gaining confidence with plausible reasons and then exploiting a moment of weakness.