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Shloka 43

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

धनेन जयते लोकावुभौ परमिमं तथा । सत्यं च धर्मवचनं यथा नास्त्यधनस्तथा,धनसे मनुष्य इहलोक और परलोक दोनोंपर विजय पाता है तथा सत्य और धर्मका भी सम्पादन कर लेता है, परंतु निर्धनको इस कार्यमें वैसी सफलता नहीं मिलती। उसका अस्तित्व नहीं के बराबर होता है

dhanena jayate lokāv ubhau param imau tathā | satyaṃ ca dharmavacanaṃ yathā nāsty adhanas tathā ||

ด้วยทรัพย์สิน มนุษย์ย่อมครอบงำได้ทั้งสองโลก—โลกนี้และโลกหน้า อีกทั้งด้วยทรัพย์ย่อมสามารถธำรงความสัตย์ และกล่าววาจา-กระทำการให้สอดคล้องกับธรรมได้; แต่ผู้ไร้ทรัพย์ย่อมไม่บรรลุความสำเร็จเช่นนั้น และฐานะในสังคมก็แทบประหนึ่งไม่มีตัวตน

धनेनby/with wealth
धनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
जयतेconquers/wins
जयते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकौthe two worlds
लोकौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
परम्supreme/excellent
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्मवचनम्righteous speech/words of dharma
धर्मवचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अधनःa poor man/one without wealth
अधनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the practical power of artha (wealth): it enables a person to secure success in worldly and otherworldly aims and to sustain truth and dharmic conduct, while poverty often undermines one’s capacity and social recognition. It is a pragmatic, not purely idealistic, observation about how resources support ethical life and social standing.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and right living, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira. Here he emphasizes the role of wealth in sustaining dharma and effective action, warning that extreme lack of resources can render a person powerless and socially invisible.