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Shloka 52

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

जागर्ति काल: पूर्व च मध्ये चान्ते च भारत । ईश्वर: सर्वलोकस्य महादेव: प्रजापति:

jāgarti kālaḥ pūrvaṃ ca madhye cānte ca bhārata | īśvaraḥ sarvalokasya mahādevaḥ prajāpatiḥ ||

โอ ภารตะ! กาลย่อมตื่นอยู่เสมอ ทั้งในเบื้องต้น ในท่ามกลาง และในบั้นปลาย กาลนี้เองในฐานะอำนาจที่กำกับและลงทัณฑ์ คือรูปแห่งมหาเทวะ ผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งโลกทั้งปวง เป็นปรชาปติผู้ค้ำจุนสรรพชีวิต

जागर्तिis awake / keeps watch
जागर्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
FormLat (present), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
कालःTime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पूर्वेin the beginning
पूर्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व
Formneuter, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
Formneuter, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्तेat the end
अन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
ईश्वरःthe Lord
ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सर्वलोकस्यof all the worlds
सर्वलोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
महादेवःMahadeva (the Great God)
महादेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहादेव
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रजापतिःPrajapati (lord of creatures)
प्रजापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापति
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

V
Vasuharoma
B
Bhārata (addressee, descendant of Bharata)
K
Kāla (Time)
M
Mahādeva (Śiva)
P
Prajāpati

Educational Q&A

Time (Kāla) is an ever-vigilant cosmic power present at creation, continuance, and dissolution; recognizing it as the form of Mahādeva/Prajāpati frames ethical life within an unbreakable moral-cosmic order where all beings are subject to change and accountability.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and ultimate principles, Vasuharoma addresses the Bhārata listener and identifies Kāla as the sovereign force governing all worlds, equating it with Mahādeva and Prajāpati to emphasize divine oversight across all phases of existence.