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Shloka 15

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

प्रणयेद्‌ वापि तां भूमिं प्रणश्येद्‌ गहने पुनः । हन्यात्क्रुद्धानतिविषास्तान्‌ जिह्मगतयो5हितान्‌

praṇayed vāpi tāṁ bhūmiṁ praṇaśyed gahane punaḥ | hanyāt kruddhān ativīṣās tān jihmagatayo 'hitān ||

กษัตริย์หากมีความชำนาญ ก็อาจจงใจย่างเข้าสู่แดนที่ศัตรูวางบ่วงไว้ได้ แต่เมื่อภัยใกล้เข้ามา พึงถอยไปซ่อนตนในป่าทึบ และศัตรูผู้มุ่งร้ายซึ่งเคลื่อนไหวคดเคี้ยวและเดือดดาลด้วยโทสะนั้น พึงเห็นประหนึ่งงูพิษร้ายแรงยิ่ง แล้วลงมือกำจัดให้สิ้น

प्रणयेत्should lead / should take (himself/army)
प्रणयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नी (धातु)
FormVidhi-linga, optative (injunctive sense), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
भूमिम्ground/land; place
भूमिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
प्रणश्येत्should disappear / should hide / should withdraw
प्रणश्येत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नश् (धातु)
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
गहनेin a dense (place)
गहने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootगहन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, locative, singular
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
हन्यात्should slay / should strike down
हन्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
क्रुद्धान्angry
क्रुद्धान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध्)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
अतिविषान्highly venomous
अतिविषान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिविष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
जिह्मगतयःthose of crooked movement/intent (devious ones)
जिह्मगतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्मगति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अहितान्harmful; hostile
अहितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअहित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
E
enemies (ahitāḥ)
D
dense forest (gahana)
V
venomous serpents (ativīṣa-sarpa implied)

Educational Q&A

Raja-dharma here emphasizes pragmatic protection of the realm: a king may take calculated risks, but should also know when to withdraw and hide; against treacherous, violently hostile enemies, decisive force is justified, likened to killing venomous serpents.

In Bhishma’s instruction on governance and security, he advises the king on how to respond to enemy plots: enter even trapped territory if strategically sound, retreat into a forest if danger peaks, and eliminate deceitful, enraged foes who pose lethal threat.