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Shloka 13

Vetasa-Nīti: The Reed and the Flood (वेतस-नीति)

सारासारं बल वीर्यमात्मनो द्विषतश्न यः । जानन्‌ विचरति प्राज्ञो न स याति पराभवम्‌,जो बुद्धिमान्‌ राजा अपने तथा शत्रुके सार-असार, बल तथा पराक्रमको जानकर उसके अनुसार बर्ताव करता है, उसकी कभी पराजय नहीं होती है

sārāsāraṃ bala-vīryam ātmanaḥ dviṣataś ca yaḥ | jānan vicarati prājño na sa yāti parābhavam ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “กษัตริย์ผู้มีปัญญา รู้ชัดทั้งสาระและมิใช่สาระ ทั้งในตนและในศัตรู รู้กำลังและความกล้าหาญของแต่ละฝ่าย แล้วประพฤติตามนั้น ย่อมไม่ตกสู่ความพ่ายแพ้”

सारासारम्the essence and the non-essence (merit and demerit)
सारासारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसार + असार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलम्strength
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वीर्यम्valor, prowess
वीर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself / of his own side
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
द्विषतःof the enemy
द्विषतः:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जानन्knowing
जानन्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विचरतिacts, conducts himself, moves about
विचरति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चर्
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular
प्राज्ञःwise
प्राज्ञः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यातिgoes, comes to
याति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular
पराभवम्defeat, downfall
पराभवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपराभव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A ruler avoids defeat by discerning essentials from non-essentials and by realistically assessing both his own and the enemy’s strength and prowess, then acting in alignment with that knowledge.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma), Bhishma advises Yudhishthira that victory and stability depend on clear-eyed assessment and appropriate conduct rather than impulse or pride.