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Shloka 18

Ānṛśaṃsya, Amātya-Guṇa, and Reconciliatory Counsel (आनृशंस्य–अमात्यगुण–संधि-उपदेशः)

नैव नित्यं जयस्तात नैव नित्यं पराजय: । तस्माद्‌ भोजयितव्यश्व भोक्तव्यश्न॒ परो जन:,“तात! किसीकी भी न तो सदा जय होती है और न नित्य पराजय ही होती है। जैसे राजा दूसरे मनुष्योंको जीतकर उसका तथा उसकी सम्पत्तिका उपभोग करता है, वैसे ही दूसरोंको भी उसे अपनी सम्पत्ति भोगनेका अवसर देना चाहिये

naiva nityaṃ jayas tāta naiva nityaṃ parājayaḥ | tasmād bhojayitavyaś ca bhoktavyaś ca paro janaḥ ||

ลูกเอ๋ย ชัยชนะมิได้ยั่งยืนตลอดกาล ความพ่ายแพ้ก็หาได้ยั่งยืนไม่ เพราะฉะนั้นพึงเปิดโอกาสให้ผู้อื่นได้เสวยด้วย และพึงยอมรับว่าเมื่อถึงคราวของเขา เขาก็จักได้เสวยความรุ่งเรืองของเราเช่นกัน

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नित्यम्always/constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Accusative (adverbial use), Singular
जयःvictory
जयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one/son (vocative)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नित्यम्always/constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Accusative (adverbial use), Singular
पराजयःdefeat
पराजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपराजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
भोजयितव्यःto be made to enjoy / should be allowed to enjoy
भोजयितव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभुज् (भुङ्क्ते) / भोजयति (causative)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, future passive participle (gerundive) of causative: भोजयितव्य
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भोक्तव्यःto be enjoyed / should be enjoyed
भोक्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभुज् (भुङ्क्ते)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, future passive participle (gerundive): भोक्तव्य
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परःother
परः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनःpeople/person
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches the impermanence of worldly outcomes: neither victory nor defeat lasts forever. Hence, a ruler (or any powerful person) should not cling to exclusive enjoyment of gains, but should act with restraint and fairness, allowing others also to partake—recognizing that fortune turns.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Bhishma advises the listener (addressed affectionately as ‘tāta’) on how to view success and loss. He frames political and social conduct around the reality that power shifts, so one should govern and enjoy prosperity without arrogance, and with consideration for others.