Mahabharata 9.5.31 — Shalya Parva, Adhyaya 5, Shloka 31
शल्यस्य सेनापत्याभ्युपगमः | Śalya’s Acceptance of Command
Devanagari script
न ध्रुवं सुखमस्तीति कुतो राष्ट्र कुतो यश: । इह कीर्तिविधातव्या सा च युद्धेन नान्यथा
Translation
เมื่อความสุขในโลกนี้ไม่แน่นอน แล้วอาณาจักรกับเกียรติยศจะมั่นคงได้อย่างไร? ในที่นี้พึงสั่งสมไว้แต่กีรติ และกีรตินั้นหาได้ด้วยสงครามเท่านั้น มิใช่ด้วยทางอื่น
Word by Word
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
ध्रुवम्certain, permanent
ध्रुवम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
Formneuter, nominative, singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
कुतःwhence? how then?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
राष्ट्रम्kingdom, realm
राष्ट्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formneuter, nominative, singular
कुतःwhence? how then?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
यशःfame, glory
यशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयशस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कीर्तिःrenown, fame
कीर्तिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकीर्ति
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
विधातव्याis to be accomplished/secured (must be made)
विधातव्या:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
Formgerundive (तव्यत्), feminine, nominative, singular, passive-necessitative
साthat (she/it), that (fame)
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
युद्धेनby/through war, battle
युद्धेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अन्यथाotherwise, by another means
अन्यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यथा
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
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