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Shloka 58

Bhīma–Duryodhana Gadāyuddha Saṃkalpa

Resolve for the Mace Duel

यद्येकस्तु न हन्तव्यो बहुभिर्धर्म एव तु । तदाभिमन्युं बहवो निजघ्नुस्त्वन्मते कथम्‌,न्यायपूर्वक युद्ध करनेवाले वीरोंके लिये परम उत्तम इन्द्रलोककी प्राप्ति बतलायी गयी है। “बहुत-से योद्धा मिलकर किसी एक वीरको न मारें' यदि यही धर्म है तो तुम्हारी सम्मतिसे अनेक महारथियोंने अभिमन्युका वध कैसे किया?

yady ekas tu na hantavyo bahubhir dharma eva tu | tadābhimanyuṃ bahavo nijaghnus tvanmate kathaṃ ||

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “หากเป็นธรรมจริงที่ว่าคนมากไม่พึงรุมสังหารนักรบเพียงผู้เดียว แล้วตามดุลยพินิจของท่านเอง เหตุใดมหารถีหลายคนจึงร่วมกันสังหารอภิมันยุ? ท่านกล่าวถึงผลสูงสุดคือโลกของพระอินทร์สำหรับวีรชนผู้รบอย่างยุติธรรม แต่การกระทำนั้นกลับดูขัดต่อกฎแห่งการรบอันชอบธรรม”

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
एकःone (person/warrior)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हन्तव्यःto be killed / should be killed
हन्तव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormGerundive (tavya), Passive sense (obligative), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
बहुभिःby many (people/warriors)
बहुभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
धर्मःdharma, righteous rule
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut/then
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
अभिमन्युम्Abhimanyu
अभिमन्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमन्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बहवःmany (warriors)
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निजघ्नुःkilled/struck down
निजघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
त्वत्from you / your
त्वत्:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative (used in compound-like relation), Singular
मतेin (your) opinion/view
मते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
A
Abhimanyu
I
Indraloka

Educational Q&A

The verse probes the consistency of dharma in warfare: if righteous combat forbids many attacking one, then the collective killing of Abhimanyu becomes an ethical breach. It highlights the tension between proclaimed ideals of just war and actions driven by expediency.

Yudhiṣṭhira challenges the opposing side’s moral reasoning, pointing to Abhimanyu’s death—caused by multiple warriors together—as evidence that their conduct contradicted accepted rules of fair battle, even while they claim heavenly reward for righteous fighters.