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Shloka 653

गदायुद्धप्रतिज्ञा — The Vow and Terms of the Mace Duel

को हि मूढो व्यवस्यथेत शत्रोर्दातुं वसुन्धराम्‌ । पहले तो तुम सूईकी नोक बराबर भी भूमि नहीं छोड़ रहे थे, अब सारी पृथ्वी कैसे त्याग रहे हो? इस प्रकार ऐश्वर्य पाकर इस वसुधाका शासन करके कौन मूर्ख शत्रुके हाथमें अपनी भूमि देना चाहेगा?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: ko hi mūḍho vyavasyet śatror dātuṁ vasundharām | pūrvaṁ tu tvaṁ sūcī-nokā-samām api bhūmiṁ na muñcasi, idānīṁ sarvāṁ pṛthivīṁ kathaṁ tyajasi? evaṁ aiśvaryaṁ prāpya imāṁ vasudhāṁ śāsitvā kaḥ mūḍhaḥ śatroḥ haste svāṁ bhūmiṁ dātum icchet?

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า “ผู้ใดเล่าจะหลงมัวถึงกับตั้งใจมอบแผ่นดินให้แก่ศัตรู? ก่อนหน้านี้แม้ที่ดินเท่าปลายเข็มเจ้าก็ไม่ยอมสละ บัดนี้ไฉนจึงกล่าวว่าจะละทิ้งทั้งพิภพ? เมื่อได้อำนาจและปกครองปฐพีนี้แล้ว คนเขลาใดจะยอมยกแว่นแคว้นของตนให้ตกอยู่ในมือปฏิปักษ์?”

कःwho
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मूढःdeluded/foolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवस्यथेतwould decide/undertake
व्यवस्यथेत:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यवस् (धातु: वस्/वस्— ‘to resolve/decide’, with उपसर्ग: वि+अव)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
शत्रोःof an enemy
शत्रोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
FormTumun (infinitive)
वसुन्धराम्the earth/land
वसुन्धराम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवसुन्धरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
śatru (enemy)
V
vasundharā/pṛthivī (the earth/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights rājadharma and practical ethics: a ruler should not, out of confusion or weakness, surrender rightful sovereignty to an enemy—especially after having refused even minimal concessions earlier. It critiques inconsistency and warns that power and territory are responsibilities to be protected for the realm’s stability.

Yudhiṣṭhira challenges an opponent’s (or interlocutor’s) sudden claim of giving up the whole earth. He points out the earlier refusal to yield even a tiny portion of land and questions the logic and motive behind now proposing total relinquishment to an enemy.