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Shloka 4

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

तमास्थितो राजवरो बभूव यथोदयस्थ: सविता क्षपान्ते | स तेन नागप्रवरेण राज- न्नभ्युद्ययौ पाण्डुसुतान्‌ समेतान्‌

tam āsthito rājavaro babhūva yathodayasthaḥ savitā kṣapānte | sa tena nāgapravareṇa rājan abhyudyayau pāṇḍusutān sametān |

กษัตริย์ผู้ประเสริฐนั้นประทับอยู่ ณ ที่นั้น ส่องประกายดุจสุริยันอุทัยเมื่อราตรีสิ้นสุด แล้วแต่บัดนั้น ข้าแต่พระราชา พระองค์ทรงขึ้นประทับบนช้างชั้นเลิศนั้น เสด็จรุดหน้าเข้าประจันบานกับเหล่าบุตรแห่งปาณฑุผู้ชุมนุมพร้อม—ด้วยความมั่นคงแห่งราชธรรมและปณิธานอันเข้มแข็งดังที่สงครามพึงเรียกร้อง।

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थितःhaving mounted/being seated upon
आस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
राजवरःthe excellent king
राजवरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बभूवbecame/was
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
यथाas/like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
उदयस्थःstanding at the rising (horizon)
उदयस्थः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउदयस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सविताthe Sun
सविता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षपान्तेat the end of the night
क्षपान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षपान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेनby/with that (one)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नागप्रवरेणwith the foremost elephant
नागप्रवरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनागप्रवर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अभ्युद्ययौwent forth against/advanced towards
अभ्युद्ययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-उद्-या (धातु: या)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
पाण्डुसुतान्the sons of Pandu
पाण्डुसुतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समेतान्assembled/together
समेतान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-इ (धातु: इ)
Formक्त, Masculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
P
Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)
T
the Sun (Savitṛ/Savitā)
E
elephant (nāga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of steadfastness: a ruler, once committed to the battlefield, must act with resolve and presence. The sun-at-dawn simile frames martial advance not as mere aggression but as a solemn, duty-bound emergence into a decisive moment.

Sañjaya describes a foremost king taking position mounted on a great elephant and moving forward to confront the assembled Pāṇḍavas. The scene is painted with luminous imagery—like the sun rising after night—signaling the start of a forceful engagement.