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Shloka 13

शल्यपर्वणि प्रथमाध्यायः — Karṇa-vadha-anantaraṃ Śalya-niyogaḥ, Saṃjayasya Dhṛtarāṣṭra-nivedanam

तस्मिन्‌ हते महेष्वासे हतशिष्टास्त्रयो रथा: । संरम्भान्निशि राजेन्द्र जघ्नु: पांचालसोमकान्‌,राजेन्द्र! उस महाधनुर्धर दुर्योधनके मारे जानेपर मरनेसे बचे हुए तीन रथी--कृपाचार्य, कृतवर्मा और अअश्वत्थामाने रातमें सोते समय पांचालों और सोमकोंको रोषपूर्वक मार डाला

tasmin hate maheṣvāse hataśiṣṭās trayo rathāḥ | saṃrambhān niśi rājendra jaghnuḥ pāñcālasomakān ||

ข้าแต่ราชันผู้เป็นใหญ่! เมื่อมหาธนูรธรผู้นั้นถูกสังหารแล้ว นักรบรถศึกที่เหลืออยู่สามนาย ด้วยความเดือดดาล จึงสังหารชาวปัญจาละและโสมกะในยามราตรี ขณะพวกเขาหลับใหล

तस्मिन्in that (situation/time)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
हतेwhen (he) was slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
महेष्वासेin/when the great archer
महेष्वासे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हतslain
हत:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिष्टाःremaining, left
शिष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
TypeAdjective (Numeral)
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथाःchariot-warriors / chariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संरम्भात्from rage, out of fury
संरम्भात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंरम्भ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
निशिat night
निशि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun (Vocative title)
Rootराजेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जघ्नुःthey slew
जघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
पाञ्चालthe Panchalas
पाञ्चाल:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सोमकान्the Somakas
सोमकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोमक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
R
rājendra (addressed king, i.e., Janamejaya in frame narrative)
M
maheṣvāsa (the great archer, contextually Duryodhana per Gita Press note)
K
Kṛpācārya
K
Kṛtavarmā
A
Aśvatthāmā
P
Pāñcālas
S
Somakas
N
night (niśā)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how saṃrambha (blind rage) can override dharma: once restraint and warrior codes collapse, violence extends to the helpless (sleeping foes), turning warfare into moral transgression with lasting karmic and social consequences.

After the fall of the principal hero (understood here as Duryodhana), only three notable chariot-warriors remain—Kṛpa, Kṛtavarmā, and Aśvatthāmā—and, inflamed with anger, they kill the Pāñcāla and Somaka warriors at night while they are asleep.