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Shloka 51

पुनर्द्यूत-समाह्वानम्

Renewed Summons to the Dice-Game and Exile Wager

अशुद्धभावैरनिकृतिप्रवृत्तै- रबुध्यमान: कुरुपाण्डवाग्रय: । सम्भूय सर्वैश्व॒ जितो5पि यस्मात्‌ पश्चादयं कैतवमभ्युपेत:,जिनके हृदयकी भावना शुद्ध नहीं है, जो सदा छल और कपटमें लगे रहते हैं, उन समस्त दुरात्माओंने मिलकर इन भोले-भाले कुरु-पाण्डव-शिरोमणि महाराज युधिष्ठिरको पहले जूएमें जीत लिया है, तत्पश्चात्‌ ये मुझे दाँवपर लगानेके लिये विवश किये गये हैं

aśuddhabhāvair anikṛtipravṛttair abudhyamānaḥ kurupāṇḍavāgryaḥ | sambhūya sarvaiś ca jito 'pi yasmāt paścād ayaṃ kaitavam abhyupetaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “เพราะคนทั้งหลายผู้มีเจตนาไม่บริสุทธิ์ หมกมุ่นในเล่ห์ลวงและฉ้อฉล ได้ร่วมมือกัน จึงชนะพระราชายุธิษฐิระผู้ซื่อตรง อัครแห่งกุรุและปาณฑพ ในการเล่นสกาเสียก่อน แล้วภายหลังจึงหยิบยกกลอุบายนี้ขึ้นอีก—คือการนำเจ้าไปวางเป็นเดิมพัน”

अशुद्धभावैःby impure-minded (persons)
अशुद्धभावैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअशुद्धभाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अनिकृतिप्रवृत्तैःby those engaged in deceit/cheating
अनिकृतिप्रवृत्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिकृतिप्रवृत्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अबुध्यमानःnot understanding; unsuspecting
अबुध्यमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबुध्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरुपाण्डवाग्र्यःthe foremost among the Kurus and Pandavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)
कुरुपाण्डवाग्र्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुपाण्डवाग्र्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्भूयhaving assembled; together
सम्भूय:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-भू
FormGerund (त्वान्त/ल्यप्)
सर्वैःby all (of them)
सर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जितःdefeated; won over
जितः:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle
अपिeven; although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
यस्मात्from whom; because of which
यस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कैतवम्deceit; cheating (game)
कैतवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकैतव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अभ्युपेतःhas resorted to; has undertaken
अभ्युपेतः:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-उप-इ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past active participle

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuru
P
Pāṇḍava
D
dyūta (dice game, implied)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma highlights the ethical collapse that occurs when impure-minded people act in concert: victory gained through fraud is not true victory, and deceit multiplies once dharma is abandoned.

In the aftermath of the dice match, Bhīṣma explains that Yudhiṣṭhira—upright and unsuspecting—was first defeated by a coalition of deceitful men, and that the assembly has then proceeded to further fraudulent measures (the continuing ‘kaitava’) against him.