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Shloka 12

अध्याय ६४ — सभामध्ये क्रोध-निवारणम्

Restraint of wrath in the royal assembly

विदुर उवाच एतावता पुरुष ये त्यजन्ति तेषां वृत्तं साक्षिवद्‌ ब्रूहि राजन्‌ । राज्ञां हि चित्तानि परिप्लुतानि सान्त्वं दत्त्वा मुसलैर्घातयन्ति,विदुरने कहा--राजन्‌! जो इस प्रकार मनके प्रतिकूल किंतु हितभरी शिक्षा देनेमात्रसे अपने हितैषी पुरुषको त्याग देते हैं, उनका वह बर्ताव कैसा है, यह आप साक्षीकी भाँति पक्षपातरहित होकर बताइये; क्योंकि राजाओंके चित्त द्वेषसे भरे होते हैं, इसलिये वे सामने मीठे वचनोंद्वारा सान्त्वना देकर पीठ-पीछे मूसलोंसे आघात करवाते हैं

vidura uvāca | etāvatā puruṣā ye tyajanti teṣāṁ vṛttaṁ sākṣivad brūhi rājan | rājñāṁ hi cittāni pariplutāni sāntvaṁ dattvā musalair ghātayanti ||

วิดูระกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา ผู้ใดละทิ้งผู้หวังดีเพียงเพราะเขากล่าวคำตักเตือนที่ขัดใจแต่เป็นประโยชน์—ขอพระองค์ตรัสบอกโดยเป็นกลางดุจพยานว่า นั่นเป็นความประพฤติชนิดใด. เพราะดวงใจของกษัตริย์มักท่วมท้นด้วยความพยาบาท: ต่อหน้าก็ปลอบด้วยถ้อยคำหวาน แต่ลับหลังกลับให้คนใช้กระบองเข้าทำร้าย.”

विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
एतावताby this much / merely by this
एतावता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएतावत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पुरुषाःmen / persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यजन्तिabandon / give up
त्यजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वृत्तम्conduct / behavior
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
साक्षि-वद्like a witness (impartially)
साक्षि-वद्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षिन् + वत्
ब्रूहिtell / speak
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
चित्तानिminds
चित्तानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
परिप्लुतानिflooded / overwhelmed
परिप्लुतानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + प्लु (→ परिप्लुत)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सान्त्वम्consolation / appeasement
सान्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसान्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
मुसलैःwith clubs
मुसलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुसल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
घातयन्तिcause to be struck / have (someone) beaten
घातयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootघातय् (causative of हन्)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Active, Causative

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
M
musala (club/pestle)

Educational Q&A

Do not reject a well-wisher merely because his advice is unpleasant; ethical counsel may sting but aims at welfare. Vidura also warns that rulers driven by hostility may use outward appeasement while plotting harm, so one must judge conduct by integrity, not flattery.

Vidura addresses the king and asks him to judge, impartially, the behavior of those who abandon a counselor for giving beneficial but disagreeable instruction. He then characterizes a common royal failing: offering soothing words publicly while arranging a violent attack privately.