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Shloka 7

Adhyāya 59: Vidura’s Admonition to Duryodhana after the Summons of Draupadī (सभा पर्व)

शकुनिरुवाच यो वेत्ति संख्यां निकृती विधिज्ञ- श्रेष्टास्वखिन्न: कितवो$क्षजासु । महामतिर्यश्न जानाति द्यूतं स वै सर्व सहते प्रक्रियासु

śakunir uvāca—yo vetti saṅkhyāṃ nikṛtī vidhijñaḥ śreṣṭāsv akhinnaḥ kitavo ’kṣajāsū | mahāmatir yaś ca jānāti dyūtaṃ sa vai sarvaṃ sahate prakriyāsu ||

ศกุนิกล่าวว่า “ผู้ใดหยั่งรู้ได้ล่วงหน้าว่าลูกเต๋าจะตกที่แต้มใด ผู้ใดรู้กติกาและศิลป์แห่งเล่ห์กล ผู้ใดไม่ท้อถอยแม้เผชิญคู่แข่งชั้นยอดในเกมลูกเต๋า และผู้ใดมีปัญญาแหลมคมรู้ทุกขั้นตอนแห่งการเล่นพนัน—ผู้นั้นแลคือจอมพนันแท้จริง; เขาย่อมทนรับและพลิกเหนือกลอุบายอันคดเคี้ยวทั้งปวงที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างการเล่นได้”

शकुनिःShakuni
शकुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशकुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेत्तिknows
वेत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
संख्याम्the number/count
संख्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निकृतिम्deceit/cheating
निकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
विधिज्ञ-श्रेष्टःbest among those who know the rules/procedure
विधिज्ञ-श्रेष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविधिज्ञ-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अखिन्नःunwearied, untiring
अखिन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअखिन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कितवःgambler
कितवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकितव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षजासुin dice-throws / in matters arising from dice
अक्षजासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षजा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
महामतिःa very intelligent man
महामतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहामति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जानातिknows
जानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्यूतम्gambling, dice-play
द्यूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सर्वम्everything
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सहतेendures, bears
सहते:
TypeVerb
Rootसह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
प्रक्रियासुin the procedures/operations (moves, dealings)
प्रक्रियासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रक्रिया
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Ś
Śakuni
D
dice (akṣa)
D
dyūta (gambling/dice-game)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ‘expertise’ in gambling as mastery of prediction, procedure, and deception—highlighting how a practice rooted in trickery can masquerade as skill. In the ethical context of the Sabha, it implicitly exposes gambling as a domain where adharma (manipulation and fraud) is normalized and where the righteous can be trapped by formal rules and social pressure.

In the Kuru court during the dice-match episode, Śakuni speaks about what makes a ‘real’ dice-player—someone who anticipates outcomes, knows the rules, and can withstand or deploy deceit in the course of play. This sets the tone for the impending exploitation of Yudhiṣṭhira through a rigged and strategically manipulated game.