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Shloka 3

सभा-पर्व, अध्याय 56: विदुरस्य द्यूत-निन्दा

Vidura’s Censure of Dicing and Warning to the Kurus

अक्षान क्षिपन्नक्षतः सन्‌ विद्वानविदुषो जये । ग्लहान्‌ धनूंषि मे विद्धि शरानक्षांश्ष भारत,परंतु राजन! तुम कुन्तीपुत्र युधिष्ठिरको बुला लो। मैं किसी संशयमें पड़े बिना, सेनाके सामने युद्ध किये बिना केवल पासे फेंककर स्वयं किसी प्रकारकी क्षति उठाये बिना ही पाण्डवोंको जीत लूँगा; क्योंकि मैं द्यूतविद्याका ज्ञाता हूँ और पाण्डव इस कलासे अनभिज्ञ हैं। भारत! दावोंको मेरे धनुष समझो और पासोंको मेरे बाण

akṣān kṣipann akṣataḥ san vidvān aviduṣo jaye | glahān dhanūṃṣi me viddhi śarān akṣāṃś ca bhārata ||

ขณะทอยสกา ข้าจะยังคงไร้บาดแผล และด้วยความชำนาญจักพิชิตผู้ไม่ชำนาญ โอ ภารตะ จงรู้ว่าพนันของข้าคือคันธนู และลูกเต๋าคือลูกศร

अक्षान्dice
अक्षान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्षिपन्throwing
क्षिपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षतःfrom harm; uninjured (lit. from injury)
अक्षतः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षत
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सन्being
सन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्वान्a knower; skilled person
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अविदुषःof the unskilled/ignorant one
अविदुषः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअविदुष्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जयेin victory; in winning
जये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ग्लहान्stakes; wagers
ग्लहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्लह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धनूंषिbows
धनूंषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
मेmy
मे:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form1st, Genitive, Singular
विद्धिknow; understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formलोट् (imperative), परस्मैपद, 2nd, Singular
शरान्arrows
शरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अक्षान्dice
अक्षान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
B
Bhārata (address, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra/descendant of Bharata)
D
dice (akṣa)
W
wagers/stakes (glaha)
B
bows (dhanu)
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how adharma can masquerade as ‘skill’ and ‘strategy’: Duryodhana seeks victory without righteous confrontation, exploiting another’s weakness (ignorance of gambling) and redefining wagers and dice as weapons—an ethical warning about manipulative, rule-bending triumphs.

Duryodhana proposes defeating the Pāṇḍavas through a dice match rather than war. He boasts that, as an expert in gambling, he can win ‘unharmed,’ treating stakes as bows and dice as arrows—setting the stage for the fateful invitation to Yudhiṣṭhira.