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Shloka 16

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Duryodhana Saṃvāda on Restraint and Rājānīti

Chapter 50

नित्यमाज्ञापयन्‌ भासि दिवि देवेश्वरो यथा । तस्य ते विदितप्रज्ञ शोकमूलमिदं कथम्‌ | समुत्थितं दुःखकरं यन्मे शंसितुमरहसि

nityam ājñāpayann bhāsi divi deveśvaro yathā | tasya te viditaprajña śokamūlam idaṃ katham | samutthitaṃ duḥkhakaraṃ yan me śaṃsitum arhasi ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “ท่านรุ่งเรืองอยู่ในโลกนี้ คอยออกบัญชาอยู่เนืองนิตย์ ดุจพระอินทร์ผู้เป็นจอมเทพในสวรรค์ ปรีชาญาณของท่านเป็นที่ประจักษ์ แล้วเหตุใดความกังวลอันมีโศกเป็นราก เป็นทุกข์ให้เกิดนี้จึงบังเกิดในท่าน? จงบอกแก่ข้าเถิด เพราะท่านควรอธิบายให้ข้าฟัง”

नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
आज्ञापयन्commanding, ordering
आज्ञापयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआज्ञा + √पि (आज्ञापयति)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
भासिyou shine/appear
भासि:
TypeVerb
Root√भा (भाति)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, लट्
दिविin heaven
दिवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
देवेश्वरःthe lord of the gods (Indra)
देवेश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव + ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तस्यof that/thereof
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
विदितप्रज्ञO one of known wisdom
विदितप्रज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootविदित + प्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शोकमूलम्having sorrow as its root/cause
शोकमूलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक + मूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
समुत्थितम्arisen, sprung up
समुत्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उत् + √स्था (समुत्तिष्ठति)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
दुःखकरम्causing pain/sorrow
दुःखकरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख + कर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मेto me / for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
शंसितुम्to tell, to relate
शंसितुम्:
TypeVerb
Root√शंस् (शंसति)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अरहसिyou are worthy/you ought
अरहसि:
TypeVerb
Root√अर्ह् (अर्हति)
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, लट्

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
I
Indra (deveśvara)

Educational Q&A

Even those who appear powerful and authoritative may be inwardly troubled; the verse frames ethical inquiry as the proper response—asking for the root-cause of sorrow rather than judging appearances.

Vaiśaṃpāyana describes a ruler-like figure who shines while commanding others, likened to Indra, and then asks how such a renowned wise person has come to be afflicted by a grief-born, distressing anxiety, requesting an explanation.