Shloka 12
Devanagari script
ततो<5परे सुबहवो भरतानां महारथा: । प्राद्रवन्त भयत्रस्ता हियाविष्टा विचेतस:
Transliteration
tato 'pare bahavo bharatānāṁ mahārathāḥ | prādravan bhayatrastā hriyāviṣṭā vicetasaḥ ||
Translation
สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—แล้วมหารถีอีกเป็นอันมากแห่งกองทัพภารตะ ก็สะทกสะท้านด้วยความกลัว ถูกความอับอายครอบงำ และสิ้นสติไตร่ตรอง จึงแตกหนีไปอย่างรีบร้อน
Word by Word
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from there/then')
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
सुबहवःvery many
सुबहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुबहु
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
भरतानाम्of the Bharatas
भरतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत
FormMasculine, genitive, plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
प्राद्रवन्तran away; fled
प्राद्रवन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, plural; parasmaipada
भयत्रस्ताःterrified by fear
भयत्रस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभयत्रस्त
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
हियाविष्टाःpossessed by fear/terror (lit. entered by 'hiya')
हियाविष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहिया-आविष्ट
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
विचेतसःbewildered; senseless
विचेतसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविचेतस्
FormMasculine, nominative, plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaB
Bharatas (Kuru host)M
mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how fear can overpower even eminent warriors, leading to loss of discernment (vicetasaḥ) and a collapse of honor-conscious conduct (hriyāviṣṭāḥ). Ethically, it points to the fragility of kṣatriya resolve when inner steadiness fails.
In the midst of the Karṇa Parva battle, many Bharata-side great chariot-warriors become terrified and, confused and ashamed, break formation and flee.