Shloka 88

Devanagari script

व्यक्त षण्ढठतिला होते निरये च निमज्जिता:

Transliteration

vyakta ṣaṇḍhaṭatilā hote niraye ca nimajjitāḥ

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “พวกเขาตกต่ำอย่างประจักษ์ ราวกับผู้ไร้ความเป็นชาย และจมดิ่งลงสู่นรก”

Word by Word

• व्यक्ताः: manifest, evident
• व्यक्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• षण्ढाः: eunuchs
• षण्ढाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: षण्ढ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तिलाः: sesame seeds
• तिलाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• होते: become / are
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada

• निरये: in hell
• निरये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• निमज्जिताः: submerged, sunk
• निमज्जिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-मज्ज्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Niraya (hell)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores karmic consequence: when one’s conduct becomes openly base or cowardly, it leads to moral downfall and severe suffering, symbolized as ‘sinking into hell’.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, narrating events to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, delivers a terse moral judgment about certain people’s fate—describing their evident degradation and their consequent plunge into ‘niraya’ (a state of torment).