Shloka 50

कर्णनिधनश्रवणम् — Hearing of Karṇa’s Fall and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Lament

Devanagari script

सध्वजा: सायुधा: शूरा: सवर्माम्बरभूषणा: । कालेन महता यत्ता: कुशलैयें च वर्धिता:

Transliteration

sadhvajāḥ sāyudhāḥ śūrāḥ savarmāmbarabhūṣaṇāḥ | kālena mahatā yattāḥ kuśalaiś ca vardhitāḥ ||

Translation

พวกเขาเป็นนักรบผู้มีธงและอาวุธครบครัน สวมเกราะ ประดับด้วยอาภรณ์และเครื่องแต่งกายอันงดงาม ผ่านวินัยอันยาวนานและการฝึกฝนอย่างชำนาญ จึงยืนพร้อมรบโดยสมบูรณ์เมื่อมหาสงครามและภาระแห่งธรรมะใกล้เข้ามา

Word by Word

सध्वजाःhaving banners/standards

सायुधाःarmed; having weapons

शूराःheroes; brave warriors

सवर्माम्बरभूषणाःwearing armor, garments, and ornaments

कालेनby time; over time

महताgreat; long (in extent)

यत्ताःtrained/disciplin ed; exerted (well-prepared)

कुशलैःby the skilled (men); by experts

चand

वर्धिताःincreased/nurtured; made to grow

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

banners (dhvaja)

weapons (āyudha)

armor (varman)

garments (ambara)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights that martial strength is not merely bravery but the result of sustained discipline and expert training; ethical responsibility in war is intensified when power is carefully cultivated and organized.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the warriors as fully equipped—bearing banners, weapons, armor, and fine attire—and emphasizes that they have been prepared over a long time and strengthened by skilled guidance, setting the scene for imminent battle.