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Shloka 7

कर्णपर्व — द्विचक्रिकी युद्धपरिस्थिति: धृष्टद्युम्न- द्रौणि-संघर्षः तथा अर्जुन-रक्षणम्

Chapter 42

सखिभावेन सौहार्दान्मित्रभावेन चैव हि । कारणैस्त्रिभिरेतैस्त्वं शल्य जीवसि साम्प्रतम्‌

sakhibhāvena sauhārdān mitrabhāvena caiva hi | kāraṇais tribhir etais tvaṃ śalya jīvasi sāmpratam ||

“โอ้ศัลยะ! เจ้ารอดชีวิตมาจนบัดนี้ด้วยเหตุสามประการ—ประการแรก เมื่อเจ้าเป็นสารถีของเรา เจ้าก็เข้าสู่พันธะแห่งสหาย; ประการที่สอง ด้วยไมตรีจิตเราจึงให้อภัยเจ้า; และประการที่สาม เราคำนึงถึงการให้ความมุ่งหมายของทุรโยธน์สำเร็จลุล่วง. ด้วยเหตุทั้งสามนี้เอง เจ้าจึงยังไม่ถูกปลิดชีพ.”

सखि-भावेनby (the) state of being a friend
सखि-भावेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसखि-भाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सौहार्दात्from affection / out of goodwill
सौहार्दात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसौहार्द
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मित्र-भावेनby (the) feeling of friendship
मित्र-भावेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र-भाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor / indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कारणैःby reasons / due to causes
कारणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
त्रिभिःby three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
एतैःby these
एतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
शल्यO Shalya
शल्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जीवसिyou live / you are alive
जीवसि:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
साम्प्रतम्now / at present
साम्प्रतम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रतम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
S
Shalya
D
Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how personal bonds (companionship and friendship), deliberate forgiveness, and strategic commitment to an ally’s objective can restrain immediate retaliation even in a hostile war setting—showing ethics intertwined with political necessity.

In the Karṇa Parva context, Śalya is serving as charioteer and is being addressed sharply: the speaker explains that Śalya’s life is being spared only because of three considerations—companionship formed by the charioteer role, goodwill-based forgiveness, and the need to secure Duryodhana’s aims in the ongoing battle.