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Shloka 20

Droṇanidhana-anantaraṃ sainya-viṣādaḥ and Karṇa-pravṛttiḥ

After Droṇa’s fall: army despondency and Karṇa’s advance

विप्रद्रुतानहं मन्‍्ये निमग्नान्‌ शोकसागरे । प्लवमानान्‌ हते द्रोणे सन्ननौकानिवार्णवे,मैं तो समझता हूँ, द्रोणाचार्यके मारे जानेपर मेरे सारे सैनिक भाग चले होंगे, शोकके समुद्रमें डूब गये होंगे, उनकी दशा समुद्रमें नाव मारी जानेपर वहाँ हाथोंसे तैरनेवाले मनुष्योंके समान संकटपूर्ण हो गयी होगी

vipradrutān ahaṃ manye nimagnān śokasāgare | plavamānān hate droṇe sannanaukān ivārṇave ||

เราคิดว่าเมื่อท่านโทรณะถูกสังหาร เหล่านักรบของเราคงแตกตื่นหนีไป—จมอยู่ในมหาสมุทรแห่งความโศกา. ดุจมนุษย์ที่เรือตนแตกกลางทะเล ต้องว่ายน้ำด้วยมือเปล่าอย่างสิ้นที่พึ่ง ฉันใด พวกเขาก็คงตกอยู่ในภาวะคับขันและอับจนฉันนั้น.

विप्रद्रुतान्fled away, routed
विप्रद्रुतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविप्रद्रुत (वि+प्र+द्रु धातु से क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
मन्येI think, I consider
मन्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, First, Singular, Atmanepada, Indicative
निमग्नान्sunk, submerged
निमग्नान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिमग्न (नि+मज् धातु से क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शोकसागरेin the ocean of grief
शोकसागरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशोकसागर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्लवमानान्swimming, floating
प्लवमानान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्लवमान (प्लु धातु, शतृ/शानच् वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हतेwhen (he is) slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहत (हन् धातु से क्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
द्रोणेin/when Drona
द्रोणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सन्ननौकान्those whose boat is lost/destroyed
सन्ननौकान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्ननौक (सन्न + नौका)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अर्णवेin the sea
अर्णवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Droṇa
K
Kaurava army (implied)
O
Ocean/sea (metaphorical)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the fall of a key protector (Droṇa) can collapse morale and order, turning disciplined warriors into panic-stricken survivors. Ethically, it underscores the human cost of war: victory and defeat alike generate overwhelming grief and disorientation.

After hearing of Droṇa’s death, Dhṛtarāṣṭra imagines the Kaurava forces breaking and fleeing. He describes their condition through a vivid simile: like people struggling to swim in the sea after their boat has been destroyed.