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Shloka 131

Chapter 12: Arjuna’s suppression of the Saṃśaptakas and duel with Aśvatthāmā

Drauṇi

रथाश्वपत्तयो नागै रथाश्रेभाश्ष पत्तिभि: | रथपत्तिद्विपश्षाश्रै रथैश्षापि नरद्विपा:

rathāśvapattayo nāgai rathāśrebhāś ca pattibhiḥ | rathapattidvipaś cāśrai rathaiś cāpi naradvipāḥ ||

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ท่ามกลางความอลหม่านแห่งศึกนั้น ช้างเข้าบดขยี้รถศึก ม้า และทหารราบ; ทหารราบเข้าประชิดโจมตีนักรบบนรถ; และรถศึกก็ย้อนกดทับทั้งทหารราบและช้าง—จนทั้งคนและช้างถูกทำลายท่ามกลางการประจัญบานที่สอดประสานกันไปมา

रथाश्वपत्तयःcharioteers, horsemen, and foot-soldiers
रथाश्वपत्तयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अश्व + पत्ति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नागैःby/with elephants
नागैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथाश्रैःby/with those taking refuge in chariots (chariot-warriors)
रथाश्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + आश्रि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पत्तिभिःby/with foot-soldiers
पत्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथपत्तिद्विपाःchariot-warriors, foot-soldiers, and elephant-warriors
रथपत्तिद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + पत्ति + द्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्रैःby/with those taking refuge (dependents/supporters)
अश्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
रथैःby/with chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नरद्विपाःman-elephants (elephant-like men; mighty warriors)
नरद्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर + द्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
ratha (chariots)
A
aśva (horses)
P
patti (infantry)
N
nāga (war-elephants)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the cyclical, mutually destructive nature of warfare: each arm of the army becomes both hunter and hunted. Ethically, it points to how conflict erodes stability and compassion, reducing living beings to instruments within a violent exchange.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield as different divisions—elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry—colliding in shifting patterns of advantage. Elephants trample mixed troops, infantry presses chariot-warriors, and chariots counter elephants and footmen, producing widespread devastation.