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Shloka 29

भीष्मस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति उपालम्भः

Bhīṣma’s Reproof to Duryodhana

सैन्धवेन परामृष्टा परिभूय पितृन्‌ मम । एतेषामपमानानामन्येषां च कुलाधम

saindhavena parāmṛṣṭā paribhūya pitṝn mama | eteṣām apamānānām anyeṣāṁ ca kulādhama

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “เมื่อถูกชาวไสณฑวะเข้ารุกราน และยังลบหลู่บรรพชนของข้า (เหล่าผู้อาวุโส) เจ้าคนชั่ว—ความอัปยศแห่งวงศ์ตระกูล—ได้ก่อให้เกิดความหมิ่นประมาทเหล่านี้ และอื่น ๆ อีกด้วย”

सैन्धवेनby the Sindhu-king (Jayadratha)
सैन्धवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परामृष्टाtouched/assaulted (having been seized)
परामृष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरामृश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
परिभूयhaving insulted/overpowered
परिभूय:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + भू
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
पितॄन्fathers/elders
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
एतेषाम्of these
एतेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormGenitive, Plural
अपमानानाम्of insults/disgraces
अपमानानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअपमान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अन्येषाम्of others
अन्येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormGenitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुलाधमO disgrace of (your) family
कुलाधम:
TypeNoun
Rootकुलाधम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

सैन्धव (Jayadratha)
पितृ (forefathers/elders)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames dishonour—especially contempt shown toward elders and lineage—as a grave ethical breach. It highlights the Kshatriya moral world where protecting family honour and respecting ancestors is integral to dharma, and where public humiliation becomes a powerful cause for righteous anger and retaliation.

Sañjaya reports a reaction to an outrage attributed to the Saindhava (Jayadratha): he has ‘assailed’ and ‘insulted’ the speaker’s elders/forefathers, resulting in humiliations. The speaker condemns him as a ‘kulādhama,’ intensifying the moral condemnation and setting the emotional ground for vengeance in the war context.