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Shloka 34

Adhyāya 92: Irāvanta-śoka, punaḥ-pravṛttiḥ saṅgrāmasya

Arjuna’s grief and the battle’s renewed intensity

निज्द्रिश्न श्वसद्धिश्व कूजद्धिश्व गतासुभि: । हयैर्बभौ नरश्रेष्ठ नानारूपधरैर्धरा

niśvasadbhir kūjadbhir gatāsubhiś ca hayair babhau naraśreṣṭha nānārūpadharair dharā | rājan |

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า โอ พระราชา ที่นั้นมีม้าบ้างยังหอบหายใจยาว ๆ บ้างส่งเสียงครางแผ่วพร่า และอีกมากมายไร้วิญญาณแล้ว โอ นรश्रेष्ठ พื้นดินซึ่งถูกปกคลุมด้วยม้านานารูป จึงปรากฏเป็นภาพอัศจรรย์แต่สยดสยอง

निःश्वसत्breathing out, exhaling
निःश्वसत्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिः-श्वस् (धातु) → निःश्वसत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
श्वसत्breathing, panting
श्वसत्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वस् (धातु) → श्वसत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कूजत्making indistinct sounds, moaning
कूजत्:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकूज् (धातु) → कूजत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गतासुभिःwith life-breath gone; dead
गतासुभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootगत (√गम्) + असु (प्राण)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हयैःby/with horses
हयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
बभौshone, appeared splendid
बभौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√भा (दीप्तौ) लिट्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनर + श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नानारूपधरैःassuming various forms/appearances
नानारूपधरैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना + रूप + धर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
धराःthe earth
धराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied by address rājan)
H
horses (haya)
E
earth/ground (dharā)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the stark reality of war: life is fragile, suffering is immediate, and even noble duty (kṣatriya-dharma) unfolds amid grievous loss. It invites ethical reflection on the human and animal cost that accompanies righteous or necessary conflict.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield to the king: the ground is covered with fallen horses—some still breathing or faintly crying, many already dead—creating a grim scene of devastation during the Kurukṣetra war.