Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 14

Adhyāya 74 (Book 6, Bhīṣma-parva): Bhīma–Duryodhana re-engagement and afternoon escalation

मद्रसौवीरगान्धारैस्त्रैगर्तै क्ष विशाम्पते । सर्वकालिज्रमुख्यैश्व कलिड्राधिपतिर्वृत:,प्रजानाथ! समस्त कलिंगदेशीय प्रमुख वीरोंसे घिरे हुए कलिंगराज भी युद्धके लिये आगे बढ़े। उनके साथ मद्र, सौवीर, गान्धार और त्रिगर्तदेशीय योद्धा भी मौजूद थे

madra-sauvīra-gāndhāraistrai-gartaiś ca viśāṃ pate | sarva-kāliṅgra-mukhyaiś ca kaliṅgādhipatir vṛtaḥ prajānātha |

โอ้เจ้าแห่งปวงชน กษัตริย์แห่งกลิงคะก็ยกออกสู่ศึก โดยมีวีรชนชั้นนำแห่งแคว้นกลิงคะทั้งปวงแวดล้อม และยังมียอดนักรบจากมทระ เสาวีระ คันธาระ และตรีคฤตมาร่วมด้วย

मद्रMadra (people/warriors of Madra)
मद्र:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)
सौवीरSauvīra (people/warriors of Sauvīra)
सौवीर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसौवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)
गान्धारैःby/with the Gāndhāras
गान्धारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
त्रैगर्तैःby/with the Trigartas
त्रैगर्तैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैगर्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विशाम्of the people/subjects
विशाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतेO lord
पते:
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वall
सर्व:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)
कालिङ्गKaliṅga (of Kaliṅga)
कालिङ्ग:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootकालिङ्ग
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)
ज्रunclear/possibly corrupt reading
ज्र:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootज्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as member in compound), Plural (as member in compound)
मुख्यैःby/with the chiefs, foremost ones
मुख्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective (substantive)
Rootमुख्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कलिङ्गof Kaliṅga
कलिङ्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootकलिङ्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive (as member in compound), Singular
अधिपतिःthe king/lord
अधिपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृतःsurrounded/encircled
वृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाथO lord of the people
प्रजानाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा + नाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kaliṅga (king of Kaliṅga)
K
Kaliṅga
M
Madra
S
Sauvīra
G
Gāndhāra
T
Trigarta
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by addresses viśāṃ pate, prajānātha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the collective nature of war: entire peoples and allied kingdoms move as units under their rulers. Ethically, it points to how political allegiance and kṣatriya expectations can propel participation in violence, raising the tension between duty to one’s side and broader moral discernment.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the king of Kaliṅga advances to fight, surrounded by leading Kaliṅga warriors, and accompanied by fighters from Madra, Sauvīra, Gāndhāra, and Trigarta—signaling the mustering of allied forces on the battlefield.